Culture,according to the definition given by Hofstede, is the collective mentalprogramming of the people in an environment, conditioned by the same educationand life experience. Therefore, there are differences between various nationsor regions, because people are affected by education, society and workexperience. Take the cultural difference between the East and the West as theexample, China is a country that endures high power distance while America endureslower power distance. Therefore, status symbol is very important for Chineseand a superior having the privilege is a matter of course. But people in Americathink that they are all equal. Besides, the westerns are individualistic whilethe easterners are more collectivistic. In individualistic societies, peoplefocus on their own values and needs, relying on individual efforts to servetheir interests. In the collectivistic nations, people combine themselves intoone or several communities, finding their own place in the group and they mentallyrely on the community, so harmony seems important in those nations. There are threemain differences between the East and the West, namely uncertainty avoidanceindex, masculine versus femininity and long vs. short term orientation.
根据霍夫斯泰德对文化所下的定义,文化是在同一个环境中的人们所具有的“共同的心理程序”,是由相同的教育背景和生活经历所决定的。因此,各个不同的民族或地域之前会存在文化差异,因为其中的人会受到教育、社会和工作经验的影响。以东西方的文化差异为例,中国是一个崇尚大权力距离的国家,而美国是权力距离相对较小的国家。因此,地位象征对中国人来说尤为重要,认为上级所拥有的特权是理所当然的;而美国人则认为人与人之间是平等的。此外,西方人相对比较个人主义而东方人则更看重集体主义。在个人主义的社会中,人们重视自身的价值和需要,依靠个人的努力来为自己谋取利益,而在集体主义国家,人们把自己融入到一个或几个集体中,在这些集体中找到属于自己的位置,人们在精神上依赖于集体,因此,和谐在这些国家中显得尤为重要。在东西方文化中,还存在以下三个主要的文化差异,即不确定性规避、男性度与女性度以及长期取向与短期取向。
2017届高三英语一轮复习课件外研版必修2《Module 2 No Drugs》
2017届高考英语二轮复习热点限时训练:完形填空系列7
2017届高考英语二轮复习热点限时训练:完形填空系列5
2017届高考英语二轮复习热点限时训练:完形填空系列8
2017届高考英语二轮复习热点限时训练:完形填空系列21
2017届高考英语二轮复习热点限时训练:完形填空系列9
2017届高考英语二轮复习热点限时训练:完形填空系列14
2017届高三英语一轮复习课件外研版必修5《Module 6 Animals in Danger》
2017届高考英语二轮热点复习训练:语法单选题系列28
2017届高三英语一轮复习课件外研版必修2《Module 4 Fine Arts—Western Chinese and Pop Arts》
2017届高三英语一轮复习课件外研版必修2《Module 3 Music》
2017届高三英语一轮复习课件外研版必修1《Module 6 The Internet and Telecommunications》
2017届高三英语一轮复习课件外研版必修3《Module 3 The Violence of Nature》
囧研究:日本小胸妹子们的感受?还真敢说!
2017届高三英语一轮复习课件外研版必修3《Module 1 Europe》
以后的快递用无人机空投?亚马逊在搞什么?
2017届高考英语二轮热点复习训练:语法单选题系列27
2017届高考英语二轮复习热点限时训练:完形填空系列4
2017届高三英语一轮复习课件外研版必修1《Module 2 My New Teachers》
2017届高考英语二轮复习热点限时训练:完形填空系列20
2017届高三英语一轮复习课件外研版必修2《Module 6 Films and TV Programmes》
新研究:消极词语真的会让你的人生变糟!
2017届高三英语一轮复习课件外研版选修7《Module 2 Highlights of My Senior Year》
2017届高考英语二轮复习热点限时训练:完形填空系列19
2017届高三英语一轮复习课件外研版必修2《Module 5 Newspapers and Magazines》s
2017届高考英语二轮复习热点限时训练:完形填空系列15
2017届高三英语一轮复习课件外研版必修1《Module 3 My First Ride on a Train》n
2017届高三英语一轮复习课件外研版必修1《Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab》
2017届高考英语二轮热点复习训练:语法单选题系列49(挑战篇)
2017届高三英语一轮复习课件外研版必修5《Module 4 Carnival》