2．dilemma n．困境，进退两难的窘境 in a dilemma处于进退两难的境地 face a dilemma
面临左右为难的境地 The bad weather put us in a dilemma—shall we move on or go back? 糟糕的天气使我们进退两难——是继续前进呢，还是打道回府？
3．correspond vi.通信 correspond with sb./sth.与……通信/一致 correspond to sth.
相当于，与……相当 He often corresponds with his friends after graduation. 毕业后他经常和朋友们保持通信。
[学以致用] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Tom went to open the door.In the meanwhile，his father began to wash dishes. 2．Of the two possibilities，the former seems more likely than the latter． 3．It is reported that the government will give all private donations(donate)to floodstricken areas. 4．Parents should try to cure their children of bad habits. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．He was faced with the dilemma(面临困境)of whether or not to return to his country after he got the doctor’s degree in America. 2．Many of these ideas appear to be in conflict with(与……冲突)each other. Ⅲ.多维演练 1．assist (1)介词填空 ①Tom has been assisting me with my English. ②Yesterday，he assisted me in downloading some softwares. ③With the assistance of my English teacher I’ve made rapid progress in English.
(2)句型转换 I often help my brother study English，which helps him improve his English greatly. →I often assist my brother with English，which helps him improve his English greatly. →I often assist my brother to_study English，which helps him improve his English greatly. →I often assist my brother in_studying English，which helps him improve his English greatly. 2．declare (1)选词填空(declare/announce) ①The rise of bank interest was announced in the papers. ②We have time and time again declared that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons. ③He announced to us that the government had declared that they would try every possible means to prevent the disease throughout the country.
(2)介、副词填空 ①They declared him as chairman of the Student Union. ②Germany declared war on France on August 1st，1914. ③They declared for the offer of increased pay. ④Unexpectedly，some people declared against the new policy.
(3)完成句子 ①His actions declared him to be an honest man． 他的行为表明他是个诚实的人。 ②Do you think the USA will declare war on Syria this year? 你认为美国今年会向叙利亚宣战吗？ ③They declared against the foreign policy of their government. 他们声明反对政府的外交政策。 3．permit (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①We don’t permit smoking(smoke)in public places from now on. ②Children are not permitted to_see(see)the film. ③The mobile phone has become a major means of communication，permitting(permit)us to keep in touch as well as to surf the Internet to keep us informed(inform)of the latest news.
(2)根据汉语提示完成小片段 ①Without his mother’s permission，he couldn’t go out to play with his classmates.With his homework finished，his mother ②gave him permission to play basketball，but she didn’t ③permit him to come back late. 未经妈妈许可，他不能出去和同学们玩。在他做完作业后，他妈妈允许他出去打篮球，但不允许他晚回来。 4．rescue (1)完成句子 ①He rescued the injured girl from the burning house. 他从失火的房子里救出了那个受伤的女孩。 ②He held on to a branch until we came to his rescue． 他抓住一根树枝，直到我们把他救下来。 (2)句型转换 The man took hold of a branch until we rescued him. →The man took hold of a branch until we came to his rescue． 1．in advance提前；预先 [经典例句] It’s cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.(牛津P28) 预订票要便宜些。 (1)in advance of 在……前面，比……进步，超过 make advance
取得进步 on the advance
(物价)在上涨 with the advance of
随着……的增加，随着(时间)的推移 (2)advance on/upon/towards
朝……前进，向……推进；进击 ①I’m afraid that the housing price is still on the advance. 恐怕房价仍在上涨。 ②I had asked everyone to raise questions in advance of the meeting． 我要求大家在会议前提出问题。 ③He advanced on me in a threatening manner. 他以威胁的姿态向我走来。 2．take over接收，接管，接任 [教材原句] His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over. 他在公司里投资的唯一理由就是接管它。 take back 收回，拿回；收回前言 take down
写下；记下 take in
吸收，接纳；理解，领会；欺骗 take off
脱去(衣服等)；(飞机等)起飞；成功 take on
呈现；雇用；承担 take over
接管 take up
拿起；着手处理；占据(时间、空间等) ①I’ve settled that I’ll drop medicine and take up physics. 我已决定放弃学医，开始学物理。 ②I was taken in by the salesman—the car turned out to be uneconomical and unreliable. 推销员欺骗了我——那辆汽车结果既不经济又不牢靠。
③Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives.(2017·安徽高考阅读D) 技术在这里帮助我们，但我们不应让它来接管我们的生活。 [学以致用] Ⅰ.介、副词填空 1．As long as you’ve paid in advance we won’t charge you for delivery. 2．Nothing can make up for what they have suffered. 3．When he retired，his eldest son took over the farm. 4．We have invited a famous actor to give away the prizes. 5．I couldn’t get across to her how much I loved her. 6．They wanted to figure out what made the difference.
Ⅱ.多维演练 1．advance (1)完成句子 ①If you are worried that the room will not be available，you can book one in advance． 如果你担心到时候没房间，你可以提前预订一间。 ②People were retreated from the coastal regions in advance of the hurricane． 在飓风来临之前人们必须撤离沿海地区。 ③We should learn the advanced technologies from other countries． 我们应该向其他国家学习先进的技术。
(2)句型转换 How did you complete the hard task in advance? →How did you complete the hard task ahead of time/schedule? 2．take短语 (1)用take短语的适当形式填空 ①We have difficulty in taking in your explanation. ②With the help of his father，his business has taken off． ③With the development of the economy，our hometown is taking on a new look. ④Tom has been wrestling with these technical problems since he took over the department last year. ⑤Sorry，but I won’t take up much of your time.
(2)根据汉语提示完成小片段 After ①taking over the company from his father，he ②took in some advanced ideas and ③took on some skillful workers，which suggests that his company will ④take off soon. 从父亲那里接管过这个公司之后，他吸收了一些先进的理念，雇用了一些娴熟的技术工人，这预示着他的公司即将腾飞。 1．By the year 2017，the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them. 到2017年，服装业将生产出一种新型布料，无论你将什么东西洒在上面都不会留下污渍。 (1)by the year 2017是“by＋时间点”构成的介词短语，表示“到……时候”。这一结构通常用于完成时态的句子中作时间状语，分为两种情况：
(1)by＋表示将来的时间点，句子谓语动词常用将来完成时，表示到将来某一时间已经完成的动作。 ①He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。 (2)by＋表示过去的时间点，句子谓语动词常用过去完成时，表示到过去某一时间已经完成的动作。 ②He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就写完了他的小说。
[链接高考] (2011·辽宁高考改编)By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had gratuated(graduate)from college. 2．There is no doubt about it. 关于这一点是毫无疑问的。 There is no doubt about sth.是一个常用句型，意为“毫无疑问……，不用怀疑……”。 ①There is no doubt about what has happened. 对所发生的事毫无疑问。 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is some doubt whether...
是否……还有疑问 ②There is no doubt that wealth brings happiness. 毫无疑问，财富可以带来快乐。 ③There is some doubt whether he will be elected． 他是否能当选还不太确定。 【名师指津】 doubt无论用作名词或动词，在肯定句中doubt后面接if或whether从句；在疑问句和否定句中doubt后面接that从句。
[学以致用] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．There is no doubt that those working hard can pass the exam easily. 2．There is some doubt among people whether $749 is too much for a telephone. 3．—Oh，Mum，just a few minutes. —Hurry up，Harry.Or by the time you pack your belongings，the flight will have left(leave)! 4．The young man，who by then had gained(gain) admission to Peking University，determined to do some parttime jobs to gain more practical skills. Ⅱ.翻译句子 1．毫无疑问你会通过入学考试的。 There is no doubt that you will pass the entrance examination. 2．到下一个圣诞节，我们在这儿就住了整整8年了。 By next Christmas we’ll have been here for eight years. 3．我到达车站时汽车已经开走了。 The bus had already left by the time I arrived at the bus station. 将来时；代词 单句语法填空 1．—You didn’t get the money，did you? —No！But we’re not leaving until we get paid(pay)． 2．What we’ll do is leave a note for Mum to tell her we won’t be(be)back till late. 3．Come in and sit down and
I will show(show)you what I’ve found recently. 4．Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog.I happened to witness one this morning. 5．The role change from husband to father，although difficult，doesn’t seem so great as that from wife to mother.
10．not to mention
更不用说 11．figure out
想出，理解，计算出 12．get across
理解，把……讲清楚 13．be dedicated to
致力于；献身于 14．make up for
弥补；补偿
Ⅲ.经典原句默写 1．There is no doubt about it. 关于这一点是毫无疑问的。 2．We started flying around the world and meanwhile，scientists figured out how to split the atom，... 我们开始坐飞机环游世界，与此同时，科学家们发现了怎样分离原子，…… 3．But for some people，thinking about the future is not just for fun． 但是对一些人来说，思考未来不仅仅是为了娱乐。 4．By the year 2017，the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them． 到2017年，服装工业将生产出新型的布料，不管你溅在它们上面什么东西都不会留下痕迹。 5．The next step will be to send astronauts into the Earth’s orbit in order to set up space stations to conduct experiments. 为了建立空间站进行实验，下一步要送宇航员进入地球轨道。
1．assist vt.帮助；协助 [高考佳句] For years，Flagstaff，Arizona，has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.(2017·天津高考阅读B) 多年来，为了帮助在洛厄尔天文台的宇航员，亚利桑那州的佛莱斯达在它的城市实行照明条例。
(1) assist sb.with sth. assist sb.to do sth.
帮助某人做某事 assist sb.in(doing)sth (2)assistance n.
帮助 give assistance to sb.
给某人以帮助 come to sb.’s assistance
帮助某人 with the assistance of
在……帮助下 (3)assistant adj.
辅助的
n.
助手 ①A team of nurses assisted the doctor in performing the operation. 一组护士协助医生实施手术。 ②With the assistance of my cousin we paddled across the river in the dark to participate in a private meeting. 在我表弟的帮助下，我们趁天黑划过河去，参加一个秘密会议。
2．latter n．后者 adj.(两者中)后者的 [教材原句] In the 18th and 19th centuries，especially the latter，the most common theme in science fiction novels was the future. 在18和19世纪，特别是19世纪，科幻小说最常见的主题是未来。
①Jack and Bill are twins，but the former is taller than the latter. 杰克和比尔是孪生兄弟，但前者比后者高。
[辨析比较] latter，later，late，latest，lately 试一试 选择以上单词填空 ②Have you heard the latest news about Jones? ③She has lately returned from Canada and brought us a lot of presents. ④They all support the former idea，but I prefer the latter one. ⑤I got up late this morning and missed the bus. ⑥I agreed at the time but later changed my mind. latter 意为“后者的，后期的，末期的”，是正式用语，常用在“the former...，the latter...”结构中，表示两者的顺序，指已经提及的事物中的“前者……，后者……” later 为副词，多用于时间上，多指与过去的某一个时间点相比来说“更后地，更晚地” late 指比预料的或正常的时间晚，意思是“迟的，晚的(地)” latest 是形容词，意思是“最新的，最近的” lately 是副词，意思是“近来，最近”，相当于recently，常与完成时态连用 辨一辨 3.conflict
n．争执；冲突 vi.冲突；争执；抵触 [经典佳句] There is a growing conflict of interest between her position as a politician and her business activities.(朗文P452) 在她作为政治家的立场和她的商务活动之间的利益冲突日益严重。
(1)come into conflict with与……争执/冲突 in conflict
处于矛盾中 in conflict with
与……冲突 (2)conflict with
与……抵触/冲突 ①She often comes into conflict with her motherinlaw，which makes her husband very angry. 她经常与婆婆发生争执，这使她的丈夫很生气。 ②It is reported that some workers on strike conflicted with the police． 据报道，在罢工中有些工人与警察发生了冲突。 ③She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career. 她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。 4．rescue vt.& n．拯救；救援 [高考佳句] This month，Grace will star in Dolphin Tale，a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery.(2017·北京高考阅读B) 这个月葛瑞丝将出演《海豚的传说》，一部聚焦她被营救和康复的电影。
①The brave firefighter rescued three children from the burning building yesterday. 昨天这名勇敢的消防队员从燃烧的高楼内救出了三个孩子。 ②A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation. 一个富有的捐款人慷慨捐助物资来援救我们。
[链接高考] (2011·上海高考改编)After getting lost in a storm，a member of the navy team was rescued(rescue)four days later. 5．donate vt.捐赠；赠送 [教材原句] Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures replacing diseased organs with donated ones. 医学的进步包括从显微镜下发现疾病的起因到用捐赠器官替代病变器官这样的外科手术过程。 ①Don’t forget to bring your driver’s license or another form of identification when you donate.(2017·福建高考阅读C) 别忘了，捐献骨髓时带上你的驾照或其他形式的证明。
(1)donate sth.to sb.向某人捐献某物 donate blood
献血 (2)donation n.
捐赠；捐赠物；捐款 give/make/present a donation to...
向……捐赠 (3)donator n.
捐赠者，赠送者 ②They used to donate large sum of money to the Red Cross every year. 他们过去每年都向红十字会捐献大笔的钱。 ③Yao Ming made a generous donation to charity last year. 去年姚明向慈善事业慷慨捐助。 6．meanwhile adv.同时；期间 [教材原句] We started flying around the world and meanwhile，scientists figured out how to split the atom... 我们开始在世界各地飞行，而同时科学家们也搞清楚了如何分解原子…… meanwhile＝meantime 同时，期间 in the meanwhile/meantime
在此期间；与此同时 ①The flight will be announced soon.Meanwhile，please remain seated. 航班将会很快公布。与此同时，请留在座位上。 ②You buy the fruits.In the meanwhile，I’ll cook breakfast. 你去买水果，同时我来做早餐。
[链接高考] (2017·浙江高考改编)It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner.In the meanwhile(与此同时)，I’ll set the table. 7．cure vt.治愈，治好 n．疗法；治疗 [教材原句] During the Second World War，when Fleming’s discovery was first helping to cure people，the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles. 第二次世界大战期间，青霉素第一次被使用，这时美国海军正在致力于寻找提高导弹命中率的方法。 cure sb.of sth. 治好某人的病；矫正某人的不良行为 a cure for sth.
疾病的治疗方法 ①The fresh air and exercise cured him of his headache. 呼吸新鲜的空气和锻炼治好了他的头疼病。 ②The doctor claimed to have discovered a cure for the disease. 这个医生声称找到了治愈那种疾病的方法。
[辨析比较] cure，treat，heal 试一试 选择以上单词填空 ③I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder. ④We made arrangements for her to be treated by a famous doctor. ⑤This wound will soon heal if yon keep it clean. 辨一辨 cure 意为“治愈，治好”，可直接跟人或疾病作宾语，有时用来指突然地、出乎意料地痊愈；也用于引申指人的生活习惯的纠正、矫正等，与介词of搭配，强调结果 treat 只指治病，不包括治疗的效果如何。其宾语可以是人也可以是病，人作宾语时，病用for短语表示。它强调“治疗”这一动作 heal 多用于治愈外伤，指伤口愈合 8.permit vt.& vi.允许；准许n.许可，准许 [教材原句] You are not permitted to work if you are on a student visa. 如果你持有学生签证，你就不被允许工作。 (1)permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事 permit doing sth.
允许做某事 (2)permission n.
许可，允许 give permission
给予许可 without permission
不被允许 ①Her mother doesn’t permit her to stay away at night. 她母亲不允许她在外过夜。 ②My parents won’t permit my going with you tonight. 今晚我父母不允许我和你一起去。 ③No reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission. 本阅览室的参考书不得私自带出去。 【熟词生义】 选择句中permit的含义 ④You cannot enter a military base without a permit. A．通行证B．允许C．准许 答案 A
[链接高考] (2017·江西高考改编)There is a wide road leading through the park，but nobody is permitted to walk(walk)on the road. 9．declare vt.宣布；宣告；声称；断言 [高考佳句] Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的)attitudes.(2017·辽宁高考阅读C) 一些科学家宣称，我们大部分的疲劳来自我们的精神和情感态度。 (1)declare for/against 声明赞成/反对 declare war on
向……宣战 declare that...
宣布/宣告…… declare...(to be)．..
宣布……是…… (2)declaration n.
宣布；宣告 ①She declared that she didn’t want to see him again. 她声称她不想再见他。 ②The judge declared Zou Shiming to be the winnerA of the match. 裁判宣布邹市明为本场比赛的获胜者。 ③France was the first country to declare war on Libya. 法国是第一个向利比亚宣战的国家。
[辨析比较] declare，announce 试一试 选择以上单词填空 ④The accused man was declared innocent by the court. ⑤Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition. declare 指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判、意见等 announce 指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指资讯之类的消息 辨一辨 [间考词汇] 1．mass n．质量；大量；堆 a mass of/masses of许多；大量 be a mass of
充满；注满 in the mass
总体上，总的说来 We can evolve the truth from a mass of confusing evidence. 我们可以从庞杂的证据中推断事实真相。 话题七 旅游与交通 话题词汇 1．journey n．旅行 2．schedule
n．日程；时刻表 3．scenery
n．风景 4．transport
n．交通 5．jam
n．拥挤 6．pack
v．包装 7．board
v．登上(船、飞机等) 8．accommodation
n．住所，住宿 9．relieve
v．缓解 10．welleducated
adj.受过良好教育的 11．crowded
adj.拥挤的 12．keep...in mind
记住 13．appeal to
呼吁 14．set off
送行
满分佳作 假设你是李华，你和同学们打算周末去爬山。请你给你们的外教Wilson先生写一封电子邮件，把你们的打算告诉他，并邀请他一起去爬山。电子邮件的要点如下： 1．山的高度及景色； 2．出发时间及需要带的东西。 注意：1.词数120左右； 2．电子邮件的格式和开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mr Wilson， I’m happy to tell you that we are going to climb the West Mountain this weekend. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua
【范文赏析】 Dear Mr Wilson， I’m happy to tell you that we are going to climb the West Mountain this weekend. [山的高度及景色]The West Mountain，①which lies west of the city，is 860 meters above sea level.②Its beautiful scenery and steep slopes have attracted many people.③That is why tourists to our city consider it a mustsee.④Many elderly people of the city make it a routine to climb the mountain.On the top of the mountain，you can have a good view of the city.
[真诚邀请]We sincerely invite you to climb the mountain with us.[集合地点及时间]We’ll gather at the school gate at seven on Saturday morning.It will take us half an hour to reach the foot of the mountain and we will make it to the top within 80 minutes.[需带物品]Please take a bottle of water with you and wear strong shoes. Yours， Li Hua A．完成句子 (1)我们想方设法收集了一些有用信息，这包括列车时刻表和旅馆。 I managed to collect some useful information，including the train schedule and hotels． (2)越来越多的私家车可能引发交通堵塞和汽车事故。 More and more private cars may cause traffic jams and car accidents.
B.句型转换 ①将句①变成现在分词作定语的句式。 The West Mountain lying west of the city is 860 meters above sea level. ②将句②、句③合并为一句。 Tourists to our city consider it a mustsee.That’s_because its beautiful scenery and steep slopes have attracted many people. C．句式仿写 许多学生把进行早锻炼做为一种常规。 Many students make it a routine to do morning exercise.
Ⅰ.重点单词识记 1．
/mæs/n.质量；物质；adj.大量的 2．
/'lætə/n.后者 3．
/'hændi/adj.方便使用的 4．
/'ʃɔːtli/adv.不久；很快 5．
/daʊn'ləʊd/vt.下载 6．
/ˌʌp'deIt/vt.更新 7．
/'kɒnflIkt/n.争执；冲突 8．
/I'kwɒlIti/n.平等 9．
/prI'zent/vt.主持(电视或广播节目)；呈现 mass latter handy shortly download update conflict equality present 10．
/'reskjuː/vt. & n．拯救，救援 11．
/ə'rIdʒInəl/adj.起初的；最早的 12．
/ə'sIst/vt.帮助；协助 13．
/prə'siːdʒə/n.步骤；程序 14．
/ˌkɒrI'spɒnd/vi.通信；符合 15．
/'miːnwaIl/adv.同时 16．
/aʊt'spəʊkən/adj.直言的，坦率的 17．
/kjʊə/vt.治愈 18．
/ˌeksplə'reIʃən/n.探测；探险 19．
/fI'nɒmInən/n.现象 rescue original assist procedure correspond meanwhile outspoken cure exploration phenomenon 20．
/'pɜːmənənt/adj.长久的，永久的 21．
/pres/vt.按；压 22．
/stɑː'veIʃən/n.饥饿 23．
/ə'ses/vt.评价；评估 24．
/'teknIkəl/adj.技术上的→
n．技术；技巧→
n．工艺学；技术 25．
/wɔːn/adj.磨损的→
vi.磨损 26．
/In'strʌktə/n.指导者；教练→
v．教导，指导 permanent press starvation assess technical technique technology worn wear instructor instruct 27．
/dəʊ'neIt/vt.捐赠；赠送→
n．捐赠 28．
/pə‘mIt/vt.许可，允许；n.许可证；通行证 →
n．允许，许可 29．
/'pɔIzən/n.毒药；毒物；v.毒害→
adj.有毒的 30．
/dI'kleə/vt.宣告；宣布→
n．宣告；宣布
donate donation permit permission poison poisonous declare declaration Ⅱ.重点短语识记 1．Booking two months
(预先)，the cheapest room at Travelodge’s Central Euston hotel in London for Saturday 22 September was ￡95.95.(2017·湖南高考阅读A) 2．Bill Gates was so nice that he decided to
(捐赠)ninety percent of his money to the charities. 3．
(不久后)you left，a man came into the office looking for you. 4．The two sides
(发生冲突)last week，causing 5 people dead and many injured. in advance give away Shortly after came into conflict 5．China will continue to
(致力于) international cooperation in this area. 6．Peter will
(接任)as managing director when Bill retires. 7．
(最后)，please accept my best wishes for your family. 8．Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success，
(而不是)customers’ spending power. Finally，the owner accepted his idea.(2017·山东高考阅读D) be dedicated to
take over In conclusion rather than 【短语归纳】 1．in advance提前，预先 2．take over
接收，接管 3．give away
泄露(秘密)；赠送 4．shortly after
不久后 5．come into conflict
发生冲突 6．click on
点击进入 7．drop off
下降 8．rather than
而不是 9．in conclusion
总之；最后