SBⅡ Units 3-4
重点句型
1. It is also convenient to live close to your work.(SBⅡ U3)
住在离上班的地方近一点儿也是方便的。
convenient adj. 方便的；便利的
inconvenient 不方便的
(1)It is convenient for sb. to do sth.
对于某人干某事很方便
(2)if/when it is convenient to/for you
如果/当你方便时……
(3)sth. is convenient for/to…
适合的/方便的……
My house is convenient to/for the shopping center.
我的家靠近购物中心。
convenience n. 便利，方便
at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
注意：convenient 的主语不能是人，只能是物或事情，常用it 作形式主语。
①You can come __________________(无论你什么时候方便).
②If it is quite ______ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.
A. convenient
B. fair
C. easy
D. comfortable
【答案】
①whenever (it is) convenient to you
②A if it is convenient to/for you如果你方便的话。
2. A is to B what C is to D. (SBⅡ U3)
A对B而言正如C对D一样。
=What C is to D, A is to B.
多种变化形式：
A is to B just as C is to D
=(Just)as C is to D, so is A to B
=What is C to D, that is A to B
①We are to them __________________(就像鱼儿和水一样).
②Arms are to the body __________________(就像树枝和树的关系).
③Engines are to machines ______ hearts are to animals.
A. as
B. that
C. what
D. which
【答案】
①what fish are to water
②what branches are to the tree
③C 句意：发动机对于机器犹如心脏之于动物一样。
课文原句高考对照
It is also convenient to live close to your work.
住在离工作的地方很近也是很方便的。
Would it be ______ for you to pick me up
at four o‘clock and take me to the airport？
(2008山东卷)
A. free
B. vacant
C. handy
D. convenient
解析：选D。句意：你四点接我然后送我到
机场方便吗？形容词convenient的含义为“使
人感觉便利的”，而不是“感觉便利的”，
所以主语通常为形式主语it。
课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照
Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
如果给更多的时间，我们工作会做得更好。
______ the right kind of training, these
teenage soccer players may one day grow into
international stars.(2009江西卷)
A. Giving
B. Having given
C. To give
D. Given
解析：选D。句意：如果给予他们正确的训
练，这些10来岁的足球运动员或许在将来的
某一天会成长为国际巨星。given在此表示该
动作与句子主语之间的被动关系，相当于If
they are given the right kind of training…
课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照
Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
如果给更多的时间，我们工作会做得更好。
______ from the top of the tower, the south
foot of the mountain is a sea of
trees. (2010陕
西卷)
A. Seen
B. Seeing
C. Having seen
D. To see
解析：选A。句意：从塔顶上看，在南面的山
脚下是一片树的海洋。
语法精讲
——非谓语动词（分词）
1.分词作状语的各种形式的考查；
2.分词作宾语补足语的用法考查；
3.现在分词与动名词作定语的区别；
4.with+宾语+宾语补足语的考查；
5.独立主格结构的考查。
分词是非谓语形式的一种。分为现在分词和过去分词，既有动词的特征，又有形容词和副词的特征，不能单独充当谓语，在句中可充当定语、状语、补语和表语。其否定形式为not+分词。
下面讲述这两种分词的特点及其句法功能。
现在分词的构成是在动词原形的词末加-ing，它有一般式和完成式。一般式用来指和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为；完成式（having+过去分词）用来指在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作，且有主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态(being done)；分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作，就用完成式的被动形式（having been done）。
过去分词（done）的构成一般在动词原形后面加-ed, 也有不规则形式，过去分词只有一种形式，表被动或完成。
1.作定语
(1)不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成；及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动，过去分词强调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。单个的分词作定语一般前置；分词短语、个别分词如given、left等，修饰不定代词等的分词作定语时需后置。
the rising sun 东升的旭日a retired worker 退休的工人a girl sitting by the window
坐在窗边的女孩no money left 没有剩余的钱
(2)现在分词与动名词作定语的区别：
单个的动名词作定语主要是说明被修饰词的作用、意义等； 而单个的现在分词作定语则主要是表示被修饰词正在做什么。请看下面的比较：
动名词作定语：
swimming pool ( the pool which is used for swimming) 游泳池
reading material 阅读材料
walking stick 手杖
现在分词作定语：
the sleeping child (the child who is sleeping) 熟睡的孩子developing countries 发展中国家running water 自来水
2.作状语
分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况、结果等。分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系，用doing表示与谓语动词同时发生或进行的动作，用having done表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作。如果分词与句子的主语是被动关系，则用done
强调在谓语动词之前发生的动作，也可用having been done。有时为了强调，分词前面的连词when, while, once, though, although, if, unless, until, even if/though 等需保留。
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.（时间）
读书时，他不时地点头。
Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. （条件）
如果给予更多的时间，我会猜出那个谜语。
The teacher came in, followed by some students. (伴随或方式)
这位老师进来时后面跟着一些学生。
His parents died, leaving him an orphan. (结果)
他父母去世了，只剩他一个孤儿。
Even if invited, I won’t go.(让步)
即使被邀请，我也不去。
3.作宾语补足语
当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词之间是主动关系,而且动作正在进行之中，用现在分词。如果是被动关系，一般应用过去分词作宾语补足语。若将句子变为被动语态，宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。
(1)在感官动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后。
I heard my mother calling me.
我听到妈妈在喊我。
I heard my name called by my mother.
我听到妈妈在喊我的名字。
He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind.
他感到有人从背后拉他的衣领。
He was seen going upstairs.(主语补足语)
有人看见他上楼。
(2)在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后。
I won’t have you talking to mother like that.
我不允许你那样和母亲说话。
He got/had/kept the machine working all the time.
他让机器一直在工作。
He had his bike stolen yesterday.
他昨天丢了自行车。
They kept the fire burning.
他们让火一直在燃烧。
The detective and his assistant kept/left themselves locked in the room all night.
这个侦探和他的助手把他们自己整晚锁在房间里。
注意：动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词的-ed形式，但不可用动词的-ing形式。
She spoke slowly to make herself understood.
她慢慢地说以便使自己被理解。
(3)在表希望、意愿的动词want, wish, prefer, would like , should后用过去分词作宾补，而不用现在分词。
I want my opinion (to be) discussed after class.
我想把我的观点放在课后讨论。
4.作表语
现在分词作表语，主语和它之间是主动关系，而过去分词作表语时，它们之间是被动关系。
The story is encouraging.
这个故事令人振奋。
He was encouraged by the story.
他受到故事的鼓舞。
The leader was inspiring. (领导有感召力)
领导令人鼓舞。
That the father’s expression was disappointed showed that his son didn’t pass the examination. (指父亲感到失望，这种感情体现在父亲脸上)
父亲无望的表情表明他的儿子没通过考试。
5.作插入语
分词作插入语，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语，不必遵循分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致的原则。有下列固定格式：
generally speaking一般说来
talking of （speaking of） 说道
strictly speaking 严格地说
judging from 从……判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration全面看来
allowing for 考虑到；顾及到
Judging from his accent, he must be from Canada.
从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大。
All things considered, we are doing quite well.
综合考虑，我们做得不错。
6.“with+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语”结构
这种结构在句中充当定语和状语。当宾语与宾补之间是主动或主动进行关系时，就用现在分词作宾补，如果它们之间是被动或被动完成关系时就用过去分词。
He stood there with his hands raised.
他举起手站在那儿。
With you helping me whenever I’m in trouble, I feel very obliged to you.
无论什么时候我有困难，你都帮助我，我十分感激你。
I have to go, with many friends waiting for me.
我得走了，有很多朋友在等我。
The goalkeeper left Japan with his flaws laid bare.
守门员离开日本时他的缺点暴露无遗。
注意：此结构还可用于以下形式：
with＋名词（代词）＋介词短语/形容词/副词/不定式
Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door.
玛丽坐在火炉旁边，背朝着门。
He liked to sleep with the door open/closed.
他喜欢睡觉时开着门/关着门。
The man lived in a room with himself in.
这位男子一个人住在房间里。
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.
他去世时，女儿还是一名学生。
With Mary to help him, he is sure to succeed. (不定式在此结构中表示动作未发生)
有了玛丽的帮助，他一定会成功。
7.独立主格结构
当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同时，分词前必须加上自己的主语，此结构被称为独立主格结构。
构成：名词普通格或代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语等。
注意：使用独立主格结构是因为出现了与句子主语不一致的情况。
The weather（being）fine, we decided to go on an outing.
天气放晴，我们决定去郊游。
There being no buses, we had to walk home.
因为没有公交车，我们只得步行回家。
The teacher came in, (a) book in (his) hand.
老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。
Time permitting, we will go outing this weekend.
如果时间允许，我们这个周末出去。
He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.
他建议野餐，玛丽带食物。
The guests having taken their seats, the party began.
客人全部就座后，晚会开始。
() 1. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ______ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (2010·福建卷)
A. sending
B. to send
C. having sent
D. to have sent
A
表示与谓语动词“were working”伴随，且与句中主语是主动关系，故用sending。
() 2. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ______ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. (2010·浙江卷)
A. being weighed
B. to weigh
C. weighed
D. weighing
D
根据句子结构：主语：the traffic rule；谓语动词：says；其后部分为宾语从句。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。句意：交通法则规定4岁以下并且体重不超过40磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。
() 3. ______ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. (2010·上海卷)
A. Approaching
B. Approached
C. To approach
D. To be approached
A
考查现在分词作状语，表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
( ) 4. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.(2010·全国卷Ⅰ)
A. to borrow
B. to be borrowed
C. borrowed
D. borrowing
C
句意：怀特女士给她的学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。A、B项不定式表未发生的动作，放在句中语意不通；D项现在分词表主动，显然地图不可能发出借的动作。
() 5. Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues ______ with her stories. (2010·上海卷)
A. amused
B. amusing
C. to amuse
D. to be amused
A
考查“keep+sb. /sth. +宾补”这个结构，根据句意， her colleagues与amused之间为被动关系。
单项填空题的解题技巧
【要点概述】
高考英语单项填空题主要是考查语法知识，包括名词、代词、冠词、形容词和副词、动词短语、动词时态及语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调句型、倒装句、省略和情景交际等。近年来单选的题干内容越来越贴近生活，语言更加灵活，从纯粹考查语法、词法为主转向在现实的环境中考查灵活运用为主。
一、单项填空题的常见设题方法：
1．题干以疑问句、倒装句、省略句、被动句等形式出现，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而达到加大难度的目的。例如：
()She is looking forward as much as to his return as he himself to ______ her.
A. have seen
B. seeing
C. see
D. be seen
B
这是一个省略句，还原后是：She is looking forward as much as to his return as he himself is looking forward to seeing her.
2．利用各种分隔现象，使考生受到题干局部的影响而造成错选。例如：
()Which do you enjoy ______ your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?
A. spending
B. to spend
C. having spent
D. to have spent
B
enjoy的宾语是 which，而不定式to spend表目的。
3．利用思维定式的影响来设题，考生往往只注意一些语法规则而没有弄清题干意思，因此造成错选。
()Mr. Read made up his mind to devote all he had to ______ some schools for poor children.
set up
B. setting up
C. have set up
D. having set up
B
本题考查了devote…to的句型，he had是定语从句修饰all，思维定式的学生容易选A。
4．巧设标点符号，利用学生粗心大意的毛病造成误选。
()Peter has many friends; ______ can help him.
A. few of which
B. few of whom
C. few of that
D. few of them D
注意此句中是分号，所以这是一个并列句，倘若是逗号，则答案是B。
5．英汉在表达习惯、思维方式等方面具有很多不同，出题者常利用汉英差异出题。
()— I'll travel to France this winter.
— ______.
A. Have a good trip
B. I know
C. It's beautiful
D. You're so lucky
A
二、解单选题要注意的几个方面：
1．理解句意，整体把握。在做题时，一定要通读全句，理解整句话要表达的意思，切忌在没有弄懂句意的情况下，根据只言片语，以偏概全，盲目做题。
2．注意语境，捕捉句子中的暗含信息。
3．注意分析句子成分。特别是对于较长的句子，采用分析主干的方法能将难题化解。
4．注意排除思维定式的干扰。
三、单项填空题的常见解题方法：
1．还原法
将不熟悉的疑问句、倒装句、被动句、强调句还原为熟悉的陈述句。极少数情况下，也可将不熟悉的陈述句还原为熟悉的倒装句等。
2．删元法
题干中插入了一些无关紧要的插入语、从句或分词结构，可将该无关部分删去，以达到简化题干，一目了然的效果。
3．增元法
即将题干中的省略部分添加到句中，使句意清晰，结构明了，从而降低解题难度。
4．排除法
利用语境中的某些提示，排除不可能的答案，提高答题的准确性。
5．代入法
没其他办法时，可将选项逐一代入，选最顺口最有把握的选项，并须特别重视第一感觉。
要做好单项选择题，在平时的学习中要积累足够的基础知识，同时还需要掌握一定的答题技巧，提高答题的准确率。
【强化演练】
() 1. Let us suppose that you are in ______ position of ______ parent. Would you allow your child to do such a thing?
A. a; a
B. a; the
C. the; a
D. the; the
() 2. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when to take
B. when taking
C. when to be taken
D. when taken
() 3. Don't take his remarks too seriously. He was so sad that I don't think he really ______ what he was saying.
A. knew
B. knows
C. was knowing
D. had known
() 4. Good ways of doing things means saving time, and ______ it is important for us to find them.
A. otherwise
B. however
C. besides
D. therefore
() 5. Jim was not ______ to the club, because at that time he was not a member of it.
A. allowed
B. permitted
C. admitted
D. promoted
() 6. — ______ at the new school?
— Fine, I've got used to the life there and I've made some friends.
A. How are you
B. How are you doing
C. Are you getting on well
D. How do you do
() 7. After ______ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
A. which
B. it
C. what
D. that
() 8. ______ in heavy school work, many high school students are told to lock themselves in their studies.
A. Buried
B. Having buried
C. Being buried
D. To be buried
() 9. Professor Smith, many students want to see you. ______ they wait here or outside?
A. Do
B. Shall
C. Will
D. Would
()10. Is this research center ______ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where
B. that
C. the one that
D. the one where
()11. The headmaster has got a good education ______ so the school is doing well.
A. thought
B. thinking
C. idea
D. sense
()12. The dog didn't seem to smell ______， for it didn't even smell the meat, which appeared so ______.
A. well; sweetly
B. good; sweet
C. well; sweet
D. good; sweetly
()13. For additional information about the job please ______ our website on the Internet at www. State. gov or telephone (202)619-5885.
A. look into
B. take part in
C. refer to
D. call on
()14. — Did you attend the meeting?
— I ______ the news if I ______ it.
A. would have known; had attended
B. would know; attended
C. would know; had attended
D. would have known; attended
()15. — John has got a very good job in the government.
— ______. He looks so happy.
A. No doubt
B. No wonder
C. That's because
D. It's natural
1. C 考查冠词。in the position of表“处于某一位置”，parent之后未加“-s”，故用a。
2. D 考查省略结构。将句子补充完整为“Generally speaking, when the drug is taken according…”，故选D项。
3. A know表示动作的结果，没有进行时态，根据what he was saying，应用过去时态。
4. D 考查副词。句意：好的做事方法意味着节省时间，因此对我们来说找到好方法是重要的。
5. C 考查动词。admit sb. to sp.表示准许某人进入某地，符合题意。allow sb. to do sth. 表示允许某人干某事；permit sb. to do sth. 表示准许某人干某事；promote sb. to sth.表示提高某人职位。
6. B 考查交际用语。get on well表“相处很好”或“进展很好”，常与介词with搭配，故排除C；How do you do是第一次见面时的问候语；虽然How are you？的回答也可用Fine，但题干中强调在学校的学习现状，故选B。
7. C 考查名词性从句。After后接宾语从句，而从句中少了主语，且不具有选择性，故选C。
8. A 考查非谓语动词。be buried in表示“专心做某事”，排除B。C是现在分词的被动语态，在句中一般不作状语；D项是动词不定式表示动作即将发生。故选A，过去分词作原因状语。
9. B shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中表示征求对方的意见。
10. D 把此句还原成陈述句：This research center is ______ you visited the modern equipment last year，显然先补充先行词the one，而从句中少了状语，故选D。
11. D 考查名词。have a good education sense表示“具有良好的教育意识”。
12. C 在此句中smell是行为动词，不是连系动词，应用副词修饰；appear是连系动词，应用形容词修饰。
13. C 考查动词词组。look into 调查；take part in 参加；refer to 参考，查阅，意旨；call on 拜访，号召。根据题意应是查阅网址，故选C。
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14. A 考查虚拟语气。根据前句时态可判断与过去事实相反。在if引导的状语从句中与过去事实相反时，从句用had done，主句用would have done。
15. B No doubt. 毫不怀疑；No wonder. 难怪，不足为奇；That's because…那是因为……；It's natural………是自然的。根据句意，应选B。