必修 Unit5
Nelson Mandela — a modern hero
单元知识预览
项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）
重点单词 1．quality n．质量；品质；性质
2．active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地→activity n．活动
3．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的，深爱的→devotion n．奉献
4．found vt.建立；建设
5．principle n．法则；原则；原理
6．peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peace n．和平
7．legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal(反义词)
8．hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hopeless(反义词)→hope n. & v．希望
9．youth n．青年；青年时期
10．vote vt. & vi.投票；选举
n．投票；选票；表决
11．attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击
12．violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.猛烈的，凶暴的
13．equal adj.相等的，平等的→equally adv.相等地→equality n．同等，平等
14．willing adj.乐意的；自愿的
15．escape vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露
16．educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育
17．beg vi. & vt.请求；乞求
18．relative n．亲戚；亲属→relation n．关系→relationship n．关系
19．terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动→terrorism n．恐怖主义→terrorist n．恐怖分子
20．reward n．报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏
21．opinion n．意见；看法；主张重点短语 1．out of work
失业2．as a matter of fact
事实上
3．in trouble
在危险/受罚/痛苦处境中4．turn to
求助于；致力于
5．lose heart
丧失信心6．come to power
当权；上台
7．set up
设立；建立8．be sentenced to
被判处……(徒刑)
9．worry about
担心10．be put into prison
被关进监狱
11．blow up
使充气；爆炸12．fight against
对……而战
13．go against the law
违反法律14．be willing to do sth.
乐于干……
15．be active in sth.
积极从事……经典句型
（高考书面表达必备） 1．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
2．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ……直到那时我们才决定以暴还暴。
3．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。必备语法（高级句型） 名词性从句
晨读范文背诵
书面表达（满分25分）
某中学生英文报正举办“The Season I Like Best”的征文活动。请用英文写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 你最喜欢的季节；
2. 你喜欢该季节的两条理由（如：气候、景色、活动、感受……）。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 题目已为你写好；
3. 行文连贯，语篇完整；
4. 文中不得透露个人真实信息。
version:
Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favourite, which makes me free, excited and energetic.
When summer vacation for us students comes every year, we can do all that we can't do during our school time, going shopping with friends, swimming in warm water and even hiking and camping in the deep valleys, all of which, I think, lead me to full freedom. We can find us in an exciting world every day, with the sun shining brightly, trees growing greenly and flowers coming out with all kinds of colours. Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength to do the most difficult things in my life. I like summer best, and what about you？
语言知识精析
重点单词精讲
考点- 1．quality
【教材原句】【例句研读】(1)He has a watch of good quality.他有只的手表。(1)
(2)One quality of wood is that it can burn.木材的一个是可以燃烧。(2)
(3)It's cheaper to buy goods in large quantities.购物的就便宜一些。(3)
【拓展归纳】quality n. 质量；品质；性质，特征quantity n. 数量
be of good/bad quality 好/坏的品质be of high/poor quality 优/劣质
extra fine quality 特等first－rate quality 一等【即时巩固】1.Patience is an important ____ of a happy and rewarding life. After all, some things are worth waiting for.
A．lesson B．experience C．purpose D．quality
2.We all agree that the products of this factory are of better ________.
A．quality B．quantity C．principal D．identity
2 devote
【教材原句】【例句研读】(1)She devoted her lifetime to helping homeless children.她无家可归的孩子。
(2)His whole life has been devoted to studying the origin of cancer.他的一生都对癌症起因的研究。
(3)After he graduated, he continued to devote himself to research.毕业之后他继续研究工作。【拓展归纳】devote vt. (与 to 连用)献身；专心于devoted adj. 热爱的；忠诚的
devoteoneself time one's life
money energy＋to sth. 把……用在，doing sth. 把……献给
sb. be devoted to 专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友【即时巩固】1.We should ________ ourselves assiduously and faithfully to the duties of our profession.
A．devote B．spend C．offer D．provide
2.______ to his work resulted in his great success.
A．Devoting B．Being devoted C．Devoted D．To devote
．Escape【教材原句】It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。【例句研读】(1)The bird has escaped from its cage.小鸟已了。(1)
(2)Is the gas escaping somewhere?是不是有地方？(2)
(3)How can we escape observation / being observed？我们怎样才不会？(3)
(4)His name escapes me for the moment.我一时他的名字来。(4)
【拓展归纳】escape vi. 逃脱；逃走vt. 避免；免除n．逃跑；逸出；出口
escape from 从……逃脱，逃走escape＋n./doing sth. 避免(做)某事
a narrow/near escape死里逃生fire escape太平梯，安全梯；安全出口【即时巩固】A．admit B．escape C．consider D．stop
A．having been fined B．being fined
C．to have been fined D．to be fined
4 equal
【教材原句】But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想【例句研读】(1)He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.他和我力气，但智力不同。(1)
(2)Are men equal to women in physical strength？在体力上男人和女人吗？(2)
(3)She did not feel equal to receiving visitors.她觉得自己接待来客。(3)
(4)Yao Ming is a basketball player without equal in China.在中国，姚明是个的篮球运动员。(4)
【拓展归纳】equal vt. 等于；抵得上adj. 相等的；胜任的n. 同等/相等的人或物
equality n. 平等A equals B in...A在……方面比得上B
be equal to＋n./doing sth. 等于；与……相等；有……的能力(勇气、力量等)；胜任，能干
be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比【即时巩固】A．beat B．compare C．equal
D．win
A．Other things being equal B．Other things be equal
C．To be equal to other things D．Other things to be equal
reward n. 报酬；奖金；vt. 酬劳，奖赏【教材原句】They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪饷，是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。【例句研读】(1)It's a reward for virtue.那是对美德的。(1)
(2)I don't expect anything in reward； I did it because I enjoyed it.
我不指望得到什么，我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。(2)
(3)They rewarded the boy with ￡5 for bringing back the lost dog.他们给了那个男孩五英镑，他把走失的狗送回来。()
【拓展归纳】reward n. 报酬；奖金；vt. 酬劳，奖赏rewarding adj. 报答的，有益的，值得的
as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏in reward of 为酬谢……；作为奖励
reward sb. for sth./doing sth. 为(做)某事而报答某人 reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖赏某人【即时巩固】A． price B．prize C．reward D．money
A．As a reward for; named after B．As a reward; named
C．As a reward for; name after D．Reward for; take its name from
【教材原句】Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。【例句研读】(1) Out of sight, out of mind.
[谚]，心不念。(离久情疏。) (1)
(2)He’s been out of work for six months.他已经六个月了。(2)
(3)It is out of question that he will be admitted into key universities.他能考上重点大学是的。(3)
【拓展归纳】out of work 失业out of business 破产；歇业
out of control 失控out of repair 失修
out of order 有毛病out of date 过时
out of one's reach 够不着out of danger 脱险
out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能的
out of patience 失去耐心out of temper 发脾气
out of mind 心不在焉【即时巩固】A．out of work B．out of sight C．out of respect D．out of shape
A．out of hand B．out of order C．out of place D．out of work
【教材原句】【例句研读】(1)Nobody seems to understand. I don’t know who to turn to.似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该向谁。(1)
(2)Paul turned to drinking alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.保罗，想忘掉工作中的问题。(2)
【拓展归纳】turn to求助于；致力于turn away拒绝，不准某人入内
turn around转身turn down拒绝；调小
turn in上交turn off关掉
turn on打开turn out赶出；证明是，结果是
turn over翻身，翻转turn up露面，出现；开大【即时巩固】(1)The job ______________________
than we thought.这份工作结果比我们想像的更难。
()Why did she ____________ your invitation? 她为什么拒绝你的邀请？ 【教材原句】【例句研读】写出下列各句中set up的意思。
(1)They set up a notice on the wall._________
(2)They set up a committee to investigate the matter.__________
(3)Chinese athletes set up quite a few new world records in the 15th Asian Games.____________
【拓展归纳】set about 开始做，着手set aside 使分离；留出；拔出；不理会
set back 推迟，阻碍set down 记下；写下；规定
set off 引起爆炸；动身出发；引起set out 动身出发；开始；陈述；陈列【即时巩固】A．have been taken place , are being set up B．have taken place , have been set up
C．are taken place , had been set up D．had taken place , will be set up
A．held up B．set up C．sent up D．brought up
A．set up B．turn up C．fix up D．make up
【教材原句】【例句研读】(1)It is said that the team lost the game simply because the team leader lost heart.
据说这个队比赛输了就是因为队长。(1)
(2)Don’t lose heart； all will turn out well.
不要，一切都会好起来的。(2)
【拓展归纳】lose heart (＝be discouraged) 气馁；灰心；泄气
lose one's heart to sth.
(＝devote oneself to sth.) 把身心投入到……lose one's heart to sb. (＝fall in love with sb.)喜欢……
put one's heart into 把全部心思放在……have sth. in one's heart 把……放在心上
have one's heart in sth. 对某事有兴趣set one's heart on/upon sth. 渴望/热衷于某事
learn...by heart 记住；背诵take heart 振作精神，鼓起勇气【即时巩固】A．Go ahead B．Good luck
C．No problem
D．Don't lose heart
A．Go aheadB．Good luck
C．No problem D．Don’t lose heart
【例句研读】(1)My friends always help me out when I am in trouble (有麻烦时)．
(2)Don’t mention my name, or you’ll get me into trouble (给我惹麻烦)．
(3)They took great trouble to find the right person. (费心地)
【拓展归纳】lose heart (＝be discouraged) 气馁；灰心；泄气
lose one's heart to sth.
in trouble 处在困难/麻烦中(表状态)
get (sb.) into/out of trouble 使(某人)陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)
ask/look for trouble 找麻烦make trouble 闹事；捣乱
have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻烦take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛苦地做某事
put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.麻烦某人做某事【即时巩固】A．in trouble; lose heart
B．in the trouble; lose heart
C．in trouble; lose your heart
D．in the trouble; lose the heart
A．in trouble B．in danger
C．in silence D．in charge
经典句型剖析
考点-【教材原句】The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
【句法分析】【】【即时巩固】A．where B．in which C．which D．that
A．where B．when C．which D．that
考点-【教材原句】...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ……直到那时我们才决定以暴还暴。
【】only 修饰的时间、条件和方式状语，为了强调而提到句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，把原句中的情态动词、系动词或助动词提到主语前面。only 如修饰从句而提到句首，主句要部分倒装。
【】【即时巩固】 Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours ______ a decision.
A. they reached
B. did they reach
C. they reach
D. do they reach
3.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months _____ to begin her propjet.
A. was she allowed B. she was allowed
C. did she permit D. she permitted
考点-3.含有the first time的句子的时态
【教材原句】I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的感觉很不好。【】the first time 相当于连词，引导一个状语从句，意为“第一次”。这类特殊短语还有：
(1)each time, every time, next time, last time, any time 等也可以做连词用，表示“无论何时”“每当”“每次”等，引导一个时间状语从句。
Every time we come to Beijing, we go to visit the Forbidden City. 每次我们去北京，我们都去参观故宫。
I didn' t have any penny last time I saw you.
上次我看见你时，我身无分文。
(2)immediately, directly, instantly 可活用为连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，相当于 as soon as。
The young man rushed out of the hall immediately he heard the sound.那个年轻人一听到声响就冲出了大厅。
(3)the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等名词短语也可用做连词，也相当于 as soon as，表示“一……就……”。
The moment Professor Wang appeared on the platform, the audience all stood up and clapped warmly.
王教授一出现在讲台上，听众就站起来热烈鼓掌。
(4)the morning/afternoon/evening, the night, the day, the week, the year, the spring/summer/autumn/winter 等一些表示时间段的名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句。
The morning Mr Smith was walking along the lake, he met an old friend.
那天早晨史密斯先生在湖边散步时遇到了一位老朋友。
【】【即时巩固】A．the first time, the first time B．the first time, for the first time
C．for the first time, for the first time D．for the first time, the first time
A．have visited; the first time I came B．visited; the first time I came
C．have visited; for the first time I came D．visited; the first time I’ve come
A．Firstly B．For the first time
C．The first time D．At first