Unit 3 The world online【1】 value n. 价值，益处 vt. 估价，评价；重视
good value [口](钱)花得值，值得买
of no/great value 没有/很有价值的
put/set little value on/upon 对……评价不高；不怎么重视
Your help has been of great value (＝ very valuable)．
你的帮助很有价值。
He valued the car at $3000.
他估计这车值3000美元。
I value our friendship very much.
我非常珍惜我们的友谊。
valuable adj. 有价值的，值钱的
He bought me a valuable diamond ring as a birthday present.
他给我买了一只贵重的钻戒作生日礼物。
①______________ regular exercise should not be underestimated.
经常锻炼的好处不应低估。
②The arrival of canals was ______________ to many industries.
运河的出现对许多行业具有重大的意义。
③I really ______________ a friend.
我真的把他视为好朋友。
①The value of
②of great value
③value him as
【2】 moreover adv. 而且，此外
The composition is not well written, and moreover, there are many spelling mistakes in it.
这篇作文写得不好，而且，还有许多拼写错误。
You can't attend the party tonight because it is stormy. ______， you still haven't got over your high fever.(2010山东东营一中高三一检)
A. Therefore
B. However
C. Moreover
D. Otherwise
C moreover 此外，表递进； therefore表因果； however表转折；otherwise
否则，要不然的话。
【3】 consult v. 请教，咨询，查阅
consult (with) sb. about/on sth. 与某人磋商某事
I need to consult with my colleagues on the proposals.
我需要和我的同事商讨这些建议。
consult a doctor 看医生
Have you consulted your doctor about your illness?
你找你的医生看过病了吗？
consultant n．顾问，专家
consult, look up
表示“查……材料”时， consult后接“字典、书籍”等，而look up则接查询的“字、词以及相应的直接对象”。
Look up the word in the dictionary.
在字典中查词。
He consulted the manual.
他查阅了使用说明书。
①If your pain continues, __________________.
如果疼痛持续不消退，要请医生诊治。
②You shouldn't have done it without __________.
你不应该不和我商量就做了这件事。
①consult your doctor
②consulting me
【4】 acquire v．得到，购得；掌握，获得(知识、技能等)，赢得(名声)
She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.
她在没有老师指导的情况下，掌握了英语语法，学到了大量词汇。
She acquired a reputation for dishonesty.
她蒙上了不诚实的名声。
The man has acquired much information but has little real knowledge.
此人得到很多信息，但没有多少真正的学问。
acquisition n. 获得，取得
acquire, require, inquire
(1)acquire由于能力、努力或行为而获得、得到或学到。
We must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of English.
我们必须用功学习才能精通英语。
(2)require表示某项指定的任务所需要的东西。
The floor requires washing.
地板该洗了。
(3)inquire通过提问题打听信息。
The director inquired of me about/concerning our work.
厂长向我了解了我们工作的情况。
①Mr. Smith gradually ______ a knowledge of the subject by constant study.
A. inquired
B. needed
C. required
D. acquired
②The resources on geography can be ______ in the State Library.
A. acquired
B. required
C. inquired
D. requested
①D 句意：史密斯先生通过不断学习逐渐获得这方面的知识。用acquire表示“获得”。
②A acquire 得到，获得；学得(知识等)，求得；养成(习惯等)；require 需要；要求；命令；inquire 打听，询问；request 请求，要求。由句意可知，A项符合题意。
【5】 handle
vt. 触，摸；处理；对待；买卖，经营
Do not handle goods on display.
请勿触摸陈列商品。
Wash your hands before handling food.
拿食物前请洗手。
We should think twice before handling a problem.
我们在处理问题上要谨慎。
vi. (容易、不易等)操纵，此时主动形式往往含有被动意义
This car handles well, even on wet roads.
这辆汽车很好驾驶，即使是在湿的路面上也是如此。
The troops handled well.
部队军纪很好。
n. 把手，柄；把柄；口实；可乘之机
I turned the handle and opened the door.
我转动把手打开了门。
Don't let your conduct give any handle for gossip.
不要让你的行为成为流言飞语的话柄。
As nobody here knows what is wrong with the computer, we must send for a technician to ______ the problem.
A. handle
B. raise
C. face
D. present
A 语境表示必须派人去请一位技术师来“处理、解决”这个问题，用handle表示“处理、对待”。其他动词的含义不符合语境：raise提出；face面对；present呈现，描述，介绍。
【6】 accustomed adj.习惯的；通常的；适应了的
be/get accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于
You'll soon get accustomed to the life here.
你会很快习惯这儿的生活。
I am not accustomed to walking long distances.
我不习惯于长距离的步行。
“be＋形容词＋介词＋名词/动名词”结构：
be fond of 喜爱，爱好
be afraid of 害怕
be successful in 在……方面成功
be capable of 能够
be tired of 厌烦
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be quick at 在……快捷
be good at 擅长
be particular about 对……挑剔
be familiar with 熟悉
be late for 迟到
be suitable for 对……合适
be full of 充满
be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
be angry with 对……生气
be responsible for 负责
be expert at 专于，精通
be fit for 胜任，合适
— They are quiet, aren't they?
— Yes. They are accustomed ______ at meals.
A. to talk
B. to not talk
C. to talking
D. to not talking
D be accustomed to习惯于；后面通常用动词的－ing形式作宾语；从应答者的话中可以看出他们很安静的原因是他们吃饭时不习惯讲话。
【7】 affair n. 事，事情，事件，公共事务
The newspapers exaggerated the whole affair wildly.
报纸毫无根据地夸大了整个事件。
world/international/business affairs 世界/国际/商业事务
affair, accident, incident, event, thing, matter, business
accident 指意外事故，强调偶然性。
One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.
每7次交通事故就有1次是疲劳驾驶造成的。
incident 指小事件，政党、政治事件，事变。
There was a shooting incident near here last night.
昨夜这附近发生了枪击事件。
The election was the main event of this year.
这次选举是今年的主要大事。
thing 指事件的通称，无论大小事、好坏事，但不指专门事务。
A terrible thing happened last night.
昨天夜里发生了一件可怕的事。
matter 事情、问题。指需要考虑和处理的事情。
Learning to drive is all a matter of coordination.
学开车主要是靠协调。
affair复数表事务，单数表事情。
business 公事，商业事务，职责，需要处理的事情，强调任务，职务。
It's the business of the police to protect the community.
警察的职责是保护社会。
①He was badly hurt in the traffic __________.
②A strange __________ happened in the ceremony.
③One of the chief __________ of 2008 was that Beijing hosted the 29th Olympic Games.
④What's the __________ with the machine?
⑤It's none of your __________.
①accident
②incident
③event
④matter
⑤business
【1】 worn out
精疲力竭的；破旧的，不能再用的
These shoes are worn out.
这些鞋破得不能再穿了。
Can we sit down? I'm worn out.
我们能坐下吗？我都累坏了。
worn adj.用旧的，精疲力竭的
The stone steps were worn and broken.
这些石头台阶被磨平破裂了。
wear out (使……)穿破，用旧
Cheap shoes wear out quickly.
便宜的鞋子很快就穿破了。
The long journey wore everyone of us out.
长途跋涉弄得我们每一个人都筋疲力尽。
be tired out 使精疲力竭，使过分劳累
be exhausted with 因……而疲劳
______ after a long walk, Mike called and said he could not come to the party.
A. Having worn out
B. Being worn out
C. To worn out
D. Worn out
D wear out 常用于被动语态，be worn out 极度疲惫。而wear out 和逻辑主语Mike之间存在被动关系，因此选D。
【2】 that is to say
that is to say 有时略写为that is，意为：也就是，亦即，换句话说。常用作插入语，用来进一步解释，说明前面的情况。
He will leave Japan next Saturday, that is to say, June 6.
他将在下星期六，也就是6月6日离开日本。
There is only one way of improving your English, that is, to practice more.
提高你的英语水平的唯一办法，那就是，多练习。
in that 因为，在这一点上
now that 既然，由于
not that 并不是说
with that 接着就，随即
That's it. 就这样，完了。
and that 并且
I'm going to do my job for the rest of my life. ______， I'm quite happy in it.
A. What's more
B. That is to say
C. It's hard to say
D. Believe it or not
B 句意：我打算一生都干这项工作，也就是说，我对这项工作很满意。此题四个选项都可作插入语，根据句意用That is to say这种表达方式，表示“也就是说”。
【3】 in need of
相当于in want of，意为：需要，缺少。
He is homeless and in desperate need of help.
他无家可归，急需帮助。
This broken fence is in need/want of repair.
这个破篱笆需要修补。
“介词＋名词＋介词”构成的短语：
in terms of在……方面
in case of假使，如果发生，万一
in charge of主管；负责
in (the) face of面对；在……面前
in favour of同情；支持
in hopes of/in the hope of对……抱有希望
in memory of以纪念；为了纪念
in search of ＝ in one's search for寻找
in praise of 称赞，赞美
in honour of sb./sth. 尊敬；表敬意以纪念
①The main staircase was ______ a big ‘s’．
A. in search of B. in the form of
C. in need of D. in the direction of
②— I like your house very much.
— Thank you, but this house is ______.
badly in need of paint
B. bad in need of painting
C. badly in needing of paint
D. badly in need of painting
①B in the form of以……形式；in search of 寻找；in need of 需要；in the direction of 朝着……的方向。
②D
【4】辨析happen, occur, come about, take place
这些动词或动词短语都含有“发生”的意思，有时可以互换使用，但各自的含义和用法有差别。
(1) happen属普通用语，常用来表示偶然事件的“发生”。其后接不定式或用在It happened that…句型中的时候，作“恰好”、“碰巧”、“偶然”解。
The car accident happened yesterday.
车祸是昨天发生的。
I happened to be out/It happened that I was out when you came here.
你来的时候，碰巧我出去了。
(2) occur属较正式的用语。它可以指一件偶然事件的“发生”；也可以指在一定的时间“发生”、“出现”一定的事件，它还可以表示抽象事物，如思想等的“产生”，其后接to sb.时，常作“想到”、“想起”解。
A leap year occurs at every four years.
每4年出现一次闰年。
Just as I was leaving the house, it suddenly occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys.
我刚要出门时，突然想起忘了带钥匙。
(3) come about “发生，产生”，指要解释或说明事情发生的理由。常与how连用。
How did these differences come about?
这些差别是怎么产生的？
Our problems came about because we ignored the advice of experts.
由于我们忽视专家的建议，我们出了问题。
A number of educational reforms have come about as a result of the report.
由于这项报告进行了很多的教育改革。
(4) take place也作“发生”解，但一般没有偶然的意味。它更常用来指一个预先安排好的事情的“发生”，常作“举行”解。
The wedding will take place at St Andrew's church.
婚礼将在圣安琪教堂举行。
The sound doesn't ______ in Chinese so it's difficult for the students to pronounce.
A. happen
B. take place
C. find
D. occur
D 考查四个动词的用法。happen, take place, occur 都有“发生”之意，但occur还有“存在、被发现、出现”之意。
【1】 With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse, a student can acquire knowledge from the information held in the largest libraries and museums in the world, whether he or she lives in a small village or downtown in a big city.
轻按键盘或点击鼠标，无论是住在小村庄还是大都会的闹市区，学生们都可以从世界上最大的图书馆和博物馆中获取知识。
with the touch of a button or the click of a mouse是介词短语作状语，held in the largest libraries and museums
in the world是过去分词短语作定语修饰名词information。whether he or she lives in a small village or downtown in a big city是让步状语从句。
whether…or…可用作连词，引导让步状语从句。意为：不管……还是……；无论……还是……。
Whether you believe it or not, it's true.
不管你信不信，这是真的。
Whether we defeat the enemy in one battle, or by degrees, the consequences will be the same.
无论我们是在一次战斗中击败敌人，还是逐步地击败他们，结果都会是一样的。
引导让步状语从句的连词有：although(尽管), though(尽管), even if/though (即使，纵然，虽然), however(无论怎样), whatever(无论什么), whoever(无论谁), whomever(无论谁), whichever(无论哪个), whenever(无论何时), wherever(无论哪里), whether(是否), no matter (who, what, where, when, etc.) (无论……)等。
Even if you know his address, how can you get there?
即使你知道他的地址，你又怎么到那里去呢？
However (＝No matter how) expensive it may be, I'll take it.
无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。
All people, ______ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
A. even if
B. whether
C. no matter
D. however
B 句意：无论老少，无论贫富，灾难过后，大家都尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。whether…or…引导让步状语从句，表示：无论……还是……
【2】 The second most common use of the Internet, according to 79 per cent of the survey respondents, is to advance knowledge about hobbies.
根据79%的被调查者的说法，因特网的第二个最常见的用途是增长有关业余爱好的知识。
the second most common是形容词最高级作定语。在形容词最高级之前加上了程度副词。形容词最高级句型要注意的还有：
(1) one of the ＋最高级/among the ＋最高级表示“最……之一”。
Paris is among the greatest cities in the world.
巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。
(2) 最高级前除了可以有定语外，还可以有状语。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长的河流。(定语)
Asia is by far the largest continent in the world.
亚洲是世界上最大的洲。(状语)
(3) 当最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格时不加定冠词the。
John is Jim's best friend.
约翰是吉姆最好的朋友。
Do you know what is ______ mountain?
A. Africa's second highest
B. the Africa's second highest
C. the second Africa's highest
D. Africa's the second highest
A 句意：你知道非洲第二高山是什么吗？最高级前有名词所有格修饰，不加定冠词the。
【3】 Before you sit down at a computer terminal, read this brief guide to make sure that you use the Internet in the best way possible.
在你坐在电脑前时，请阅读以下简要指南以确保你尽可能以最好的方式使用因特网。
句中的make sure意为“确保”，此处还有“务必；确定；查明；弄明白”，其后可接of/about短语或宾语从句。
Make sure that young children cannot get close to pools, lakes, and rivers by themselves.
务必不要让小孩独自去池塘，湖边或江边。
Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring?
你能确定爱丽丝把金戒指放哪了吗？(宾语从句)
Arrive early at the station to make sure of (getting) a ticket.
早点到车站，以确保买到车票。
Will you make sure of her return/that she returned?
请查明她是否真的回来了，好吗？
【注意】make sure后不能接动词不定式，而be sure可以接动词不定式。
(√)Be sure to finish your homework before supper.
(×)Make sure to finish your homework before supper.
晚饭前一定得做完功课。
sure enough 无疑
be sure of oneself 有自信心
to be sure (作插入语)无疑；当然；的确
for sure 必定，一定
— Have you got the leaving time of the train for me?
— Yes, but you'd better ______ of it by yourself.
A. make sure
B. be sure
C. to make sure
D. be certain
A 句意：你最好亲自去确定一下。短语make sure意为“确保，确信”，be sure 意为“务必，一定”。
怎样写好记叙文
一、记叙概述
1．记叙文的特点
记叙文是以记叙和描写为主，以记人、叙事、描写景物为主要内容的一种文体。记叙是叙述人们的经历或事物发展变化的过程的一种表达方式。它的基本特点是陈述过程。
应该注意事情发生的先后顺序以及记事的相对完整，注意把握好事情的开始、发展、高潮及结局。
在写文章时应以一定的线索将文章有序地组织起来。
常见的记叙线索有以时间为线索，按时间的推移来展开的；有以地点为线索，按地点的变化来展开的等等。其中以时间为顺序的逻辑组织又有顺叙、倒叙之分。顺叙是按事件发生、发展的先后次序来进行叙述，文章的条理清楚、脉络分明、易于把握。倒叙是将事件的高潮、结局或某个突出的片段提到前面或开头，然后再按时间发生、发展的一般顺序进行叙述。倒叙可以造成悬念，产生强大的吸引力，吸引读者。
以写事为主的记叙文，应该注意6要素：时间、地点、人物、原因、事件的发生、发展和结果。
2．记叙文文体的写作要求：
(1)交代要素。写记叙文必须有头有尾，记叙时要把与一件事有关的6要素都交代清楚。
(2)完整叙事。抓住6个要素，特别要注意叙事完整与具体。用英语写记叙文，要按照一定的顺序进行叙述，中学阶段一般采用顺叙。
(3)主次适宜，详略得当。对中心事件和最能表现中心思想的地方要叙述详细，次要的东西可写也可不写。
(4)注意人称和时态。记叙文通常用第一人称和第三人称。用第三人称叙述，作者的语气客观。用第一人称叙述，作者的态度亲切，带有浓厚的感情色彩。但注意用第一人称时，故事须是亲身的经历或体验。其时态通常用过去时，有时也用现在时。
3．记叙文写作成功的诀窍：
(1)描写目的明确，重点突出
(2)叙述的组织
(3)叙述的人称
(4)适当地运用对话
适当运用对话有助于情节发展以及展示人物心理特征或性格，鲜明地反映人物性格和人物之间的相互关系。
二、写作模板
记叙文通常分为3大板块来写：
第一段，总结描述，交代清楚故事涉及的人物、时间、地点；开篇句：About ______ o'clock one evening (morning…等时间) in ______，扩展句：______.(展开描述一下时间、人物、事件等)
第二段，具体描述，具体描述事件发生的原因、经过和结果；
第三段，对事件的分析(视写作要点及需要进行取舍)。
三、典例分析
1．试题要求
下面的表格提供了一次交通事故的情况，请以A Traffic Accident为标题写一篇报道。
上个星期天上午9：30
地点 新华路第二个十字路口
发生的事 一位老太太被一位年轻人骑车撞倒，受伤严重
事故原因 年轻人闯红灯
结果 有人打电话给急救中心，不久救护车赶到把老太太送去医院
事故给你的启发 ……
注意：
(1)词数：不少于150；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
(3)参考词汇：救护车ambulance；急救中心 First Aid Centre
2．内容分析：
本篇书面表达要求考生写一篇关于交通事故的报道。在体裁上这是一篇记叙文，写作材料以表格形式呈现。考生应仔细分析表格所提供的内容，并加以提炼，从而有条理地说明事故的时间、地点、原因及结果。另外，事故所带来的启发应属于考生发挥的内容，启发的内容应具有一定的思想性，内容应积极向上。
注意事项：
①叙述该交通事故的过程及其他相关情况应用一般过去时态；
②注意安排好写作顺序，使其有较强的条理性；
③使用恰当的过渡词使行文连贯。
3．佳作赏析
A Traffic Accident
Last Sunday, an unexpected traffic accident happened to an old lady. It was 9：30 a．m. An old lady was knocked down by a young man when she was walking across the street on the second crossing of Xinhua Street.
The lady was badly hurt and unconscious. The police was called and the lady was sent to hospital by an ambulance. After inquiry, the police proved that it was the young man's fault because he didn't stop his bike when the traffic lights were red.
From the accident, I realize that the traffic safety is worthy of enough attention. We can't be too careful when using the roads.
4．满分揭秘：
文章将事故的相关情况清楚详细地进行了叙述，作者将长句和短句有机地结合起来，其中运用了许多主从复合句，这是文章的一大亮点。另一大亮点是其中的高级词汇的准确运用，如unexpected, unconscious, inquiry, be worthy of, not be too…等。综上所述，该文理应属于一篇优秀作文。
四、小试牛刀
根据下列提示写一篇不少于150词的日记。
1．9月12日，星期日，天气凉爽。
2．上午9点，我和同学们一起到农村参观，沿途看到许多稻田和树木，许多村子建起了工厂、商店和学校。
3．10点至12点，参观了10户农家，了解到不少人因种菜和养花而致富，有的还买了小汽车，生活比以前好了许多。据说有几位美国朋友还要来参观呢！
4．你的感受和祝愿。
One possible version:
Sunday September 12, 2011 Cool
It was the first time I went to the countryside.At nine in the morning I started with my classmates. On the way we saw many rice fields and trees on both sides of the road. Factories, shops and schools have been built in many villages. Between ten and twelve we visited ten families. We were told that many farmers had grown vegetables and flowers, and they became rich. Some families even bought cars. The life of the farmers is much better than before. It was said that some American friends would come to visit their village.
Although we were very tired, we had a wonderful time. I will remember this unforgettable experience. I hope the farmers' life will be better and better.