2017届高考英语考前冲刺考纲词汇强化人教版选修10 units1-2

　　1. ______ n.(有风险的)商业、企业;vi.&vt．冒险；敢于去 2. ______ vt．加强；巩固→ ______

　　n．力气 3. ______ n．忍耐；持久；耐(性)→ ______ vt.忍耐；忍受 4. ______ adj.无法忍受的；承受不住的→ ______ vt. 忍受 5. ______ adj. 喘不过气来的 6. ______n. 环境；详情；境况 7. ______adv.&prep．在船(飞机、车等)上；上船(飞机，车等) 8. ______adj. 急迫的；紧急的→ ______ vt. 力劝； 催促 9. ______ n.愉快的；高兴的;→ ______ v. 欢呼；喝彩;n.欢呼；心情 10.

　　_______vt. 坚持 11. _______ vt. 支持；拥护；提倡 12. _______ adj. 冰冻的；严寒的 13. _______ n. 感激；感恩 14. _______ n. 惩罚；惩处→ _______ vt. 惩罚 15. _______ adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 16. _______ vt.＆vi. 耽搁；延迟; n. 耽搁；延迟 17. _______ vt. 使……气馁→ _______ vt. 鼓励 18. _______ adj. 规则的；定期的；常规的 19. _______ vt. 抓住；抓紧；掌握 20. _______ n. 小心；谨慎；警告→ _______ adj. 慎重的；谨慎的 21. _______ adj. 令人钦佩的；绝妙的；极好的 22. _______ n. 担子；负担 23. _______ n. 责任；职责→ _______ adj. 负责的 24. _______ vt. 分派；分配 25. ______ vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱 26. ______ vt. 分发；分配→ ______ n.分发；分配 27. ______ vt. 预测；预报;n.预测;预报 28. ______ vt. 反对；反抗；抵制→ ______ adj. 反对的 29. ______ n. 牺牲；献身；祭品 30. ______ vt. 确定 31. ______ vi.

　　回答；响应；作出反应 32. ______ n. 侮辱；凌辱;vt. 侮辱；凌辱 33. ______ vt. 责骂；斥责 34. ______ vt. 需要；要求；n. 要求；需求；需要 答案：1. venture

　　2. strengthen；strength 3. endurance；endure

　　4. unbearable；bear

　　5. breathless 6. circumstance 7. aboard

　　8. urgent；urge 9. cheerful；cheer

　　10. persevere 11. advocate

　　12. freezing

　　13. gratitude14. punishment；punish 15. loyal

　　16. delay

　　17. discourage；encourage 18. regular19. grasp 20. caution；cautious

　　21. admirable

　　22. burden 23. responsibility；responsible

　　24. allocate

　　25. adore 26. distribute; distribution

　　27. forecast

　　28. oppose；opposed 29. sacrifice

　　30. confirm

　　31. respond

　　32. insult

　　33. scold 34. demand

　　1. _______ a web

　　结网 2. be _______ to do sth.

　　被迫做某事 3. remind sb. _______ sth.

　　提醒某人某事 4. _______ an expedition

　　加入一支远征队 5. _______ usual

　　通常；像往常一样 6. block _______

　　封闭

　　7. a _______ of cold air

　　一股冷空气 8. hold _______

　　坚持；继续 9. give way ______

　　让步；让路 10. hand ______

　　移交（权利；责任） 11. care ______

　　关怀；照顾；计较 12. hear... ______

　　听完 13. ______ behalf of

　　代表…… 14. ______ question

　　无可争辩；毫无疑问 15. speak ______

　　大胆地说；大声地 答案：1. make

　　2.forced

　　3. of

　　4.join

　　5. as

　　6.out 7. blast

　　8. on

　　9.to

　　10. over

　　11. for

　　12. out

　　13. on 14. beyond

　　15. out 1. I believe Shackleton

　　______ ______ ______

　　this unexpected end to his expedition... 我相信沙克尔顿肯定会对这次探险意想不到的结局而痛心…… 2. Soon Shackleton

　　______ _______ the framework for our life here: no differences in rank or in social status... 不久沙克尔顿给我们这里的生活列出规矩：取消级别和社会地位上的差异…… 3. I have decided to retire and

　　______ ______ the heavy load of responsibility

　　you three. 我已决定退休，把责任重担传到你们三人的手中。 4. For _______ of you has for me the most devotion I will give to her the best part of everything I own. 你们之中谁最爱我，我就把我拥有的最好的东西赠送给谁。 答案：1. must have mourned

　　2. set out

　　3. hand over; to

　　4. whichever 1. discourage vt. 使泄气；使失去信心；使……气馁 Her parents tried to discourage her from becoming a singer. 她的父母想劝她打消当歌手的念头。 常用结构： discourage sb.

　　使某人气馁 discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝某人打消做某事的念头；阻止某人做某事 【联想拓展】 encourage vt. 鼓励；激励 discouraging adj.使人沮丧的；令人气馁的 encourage sb. to do sth.

　　鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. in doing sth.

　　在某方面鼓励某人 用法点拨：①discourage指失去信心、失去勇气、产生恐惧，减少鼓足勇气的一切力量，主要用作及物动词，其宾语是人。 ②discourage还可引申为“劝阻”，指对别人的一举一动进行劝阻，希望其能够接受，但这种劝阻或阻止未必一定会成功，如果不成功可在discourage 前加 want to, mean to， try to等。 【即学即练】 完成句子 ①这次失败使他气馁了。 The failure ______ him. ②他们都泄气了，决定放弃。 They ______ ______ and decided to give up. ③老师鼓励我出国留学。 The teacher ______ me ______ ______ ______. 答案：①discouraged

　　②got discouraged ③encouraged; to study abroad 单项填空 ④The local authority is trying to ______ oversea investment by beautifying its environment. （2010·漳州高三检测） A. value

　　B. encourage

　　C. introduce

　　D. affect 解析:选B。考查动词辨析。value重视；encourage鼓励；introduce介绍；affect影响。句意为：当地政府正通过美化环境来鼓励外资。根据句意应选B。 2. sacrifice n. 献身;牺牲；奉献

　　v. 献祭；奉献 His father gave his life as a sacrifice for his country. 他爸爸为国牺牲了。 She sacrificed her life to save her child from the fire. 她为了从火灾中救出她的孩子而献出了自己的生命。 She sacrificed her career to marry him． 她为了嫁给他而放弃了自己的事业。 常用结构： for no sacrifice

　　不怕牺牲 make sacrifices for

　　为……做出牺牲 at/by the sacrifice of

　　靠牺牲……；以……为代价 sacrifice one’s life

　　牺牲某人的生命 用法点拨：sacrifice常用作及物动词，接名词或代词作宾语。表示“为……牺牲”时，常与介词for或to 连用，可用于被动语态。sacrifice还可接动词不定式作目的状语。 【即学即练】 完成句子 ①我从没想过让你做出这样的牺牲。 I would never dream of asking you to _____ _____ _____ _____ . ②他做出了很大的牺牲才获得成功。 He achieved his success ______ ______ ______. 答案：①make such a sacrifice

　　②at great sacrifice

　　单项填空 ③They ______ a lamb to God. A. sacrificed

　　B. gave

　　C. offered

　　D. provided 解析:选A。句意为： 他们把羔羊献祭给上帝。 sacrifice把……作祭品。

　　3. contribute to 有助于；捐献；投稿 This team-spirit contributed to the morale of the crew and saved our lives. 这种团队精神鼓舞了船员们的士气，并挽救了我们的生命。 Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness. 诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。 【联想拓展】 contribution n.贡献；捐款 contributor n. 捐款人；投稿人 make contributions to做出贡献 Qian xuesen made great contributions to science. 钱学森对科学事业做出了极大的贡献。 【速记名片】

　　Many people contributed money to the Hope Project, which contributed to many children returning to school. A teacher wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.

　　许多人给希望工程捐钱，使许多孩子可以重返校园。一位教师写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投到报社。 温馨提示：contribute to中的to是介词。 用法点拨：contribute 可表示“捐赠，捐献;促成，组成……的一部分”，还可表示“贡献（意见，建议）；投稿”等；作不及物动词时，常加介词to。contribute 作“有助于，促使（发生某情况）”解的，主语一般是物。 【即学即练】 单项填空 The doctor said jokingly that his own infection of the virus ______ the discovery of a vaccine（疫苗） of the disease. （2010·苏州高三检测） A. stood for

　　B. called for

　　C. paid for

　　D. contributed to 解析:选D。考查动词短语辨析。stand for代表；call for要求；需要；提倡；pay for为……付钱；contribute to有助于。根据句意，选B。 4. give way to 让路；让步；被取代 He was always honest with us (as in the advertisement) and never gave way to disappointment, even when the ship sank.

　　他对我们也总是坦诚相待（就像广告中那样），他从不灰心丧气，从不放弃，甚至当轮船沉下去时也是如此。 Many people didn’t give way to fears during the earthquake. 地震来临时很多人并没有害怕。 【速记名片】

　　【联想拓展】 give up

　　放弃 give out

　　分发 give back

　　归还；恢复 give in

　　屈服，让步 give away

　　分发；泄露；出卖 【即学即练】 单项填空 If we _____ to him, he will only make further demands.（2010·潍坊高三检测） A. give up

　　B. give away

　　C. give out

　　D. give way 解析:选D。考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃；give away分发；泄露；出卖；give out分发；发布；give way to让路；让步。句意为：如果我们向他让步，他定会提出进一步的要求。根据句意，选D。 Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. He has been brought in to s______ the defence. 2. The wood was so r ______ that you could put your finger through it. 3. Although in great need of money，she remained c ______ throughout the trip． 4. “His temper has been c ______ this week，so don’t annoy him.” 5. He is easily d ______ by difficulties and obstacles. 6. It’s very cold today；the temperature has dropped to f ______ point.

　　7. He was forced to s ______ his lunch hour because of the pressure of work. 8. His property was d______ among his sons. 9. He ______(主张)using smaller container to pack the goods. 10.

　　“I ______ （惩罚） you because I love you.” The father told his son. 答案：1. strengthen

　　2. rotten

　　3. cheerful

　　4. changeable 5. discouraged

　　6. freezing

　　7. shorten

　　8. distributed 9. advocated

　　10. punish Ⅱ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 hear...out/beyond question/give way to/by coincidence/on behalf of/care for 1. Excuse me, please ______ the passengers behind you. 2. Sorry，I wish I had time to ______ ，but could you make your story shorter? 3. I am writing this letter ______ my mother, who wants to thank you for your nice gift. 4. As far as I know，his honesty is ______ . 5. New China

　　______ her youth and shows concern for their growth. 6. ________ we happened to be travelling on the same train. 答案：1. give way to

　　2. hear you out

　　3. on behalf of 4. beyond question

　　5. cares for

　　6. By coincidence Ⅲ. 完成句子 1. ______

　　______

　　______ (如果他们成功了)，they will believe that the humans and machines can live together like friends in the future. 2. Young people often complain of

　　______

　　______

　　______

　　______ ______

　　______

　　______

　　______ (不能与他们的父母沟通). 3. The tool

　　______

　　______

　　______ (证明是非常有用的). 4. Members of the public

　　______

　　______

　　______

　　______

　　______

　　______

　　______

　　(加入了搜寻失踪男孩的行动). 5. His bad behaviour ______

　　______

　　______ (让人无法忍受). 答案：1. If they succeed 2. not being able to communicate with their parents 3. proved(to be)very useful 4. joined the search of the missing boy

　　5. was beyond endurance Ⅳ. 单项填空 1. Parents make many ______ for their children，which in turn creates children’s further emotional dependence on them. A. criteria

　　B. sacrifices

　　C. assessments

　　D. regulations 解析:选B。criteria标准；sacrifices牺牲；assessments评估，估价；regulations规则，规章。make some sacrifices为固定词组，意为“作出牺牲”,符合句意。 2. Eventually，the President had to leave office______ public pressure in order to ease the tension of the situation. A. in favor of

　　B. in response to

　　C. in return for

　　D. in honour of 解析:选B。in response to作为……的回应；in favor of赞同；in return for作为……的回报；in honour of为纪念……。句意为：总统被迫辞职，以作为对公众压力的回应。 3. The organization that doesn’t ______ use of violence becomes popular. A. declare

　　B. announce

　　C. advocate

　　D. advertise 解析:选C。考查动词词义辨析。declare正式宣布；announce口头通知；advocate主张，提倡；advertise做广告。 4. —He is not only clever but also works very hard. —No _______ he always wins first place in every examination. doubt

　　B. wonder

　　C. problem

　　D. Question 解析:选B。考查固定句型。It is no wonder that...意为“难怪……；对……不惊奇”；There is no doubt that...意为“无疑……；毫无疑问……”。 5. Don’t let one failure _____ you. Believe in yourself and try again. A. disobey

　　B. discount

　　C. discourage

　　D. discriminate 解析:选C。句意为：不要因为一次失败就泄气，相信自己，再试试看。disobey不服从；discount不信任；减少；discourage使气馁，使沮丧；discriminate区别，辨别。 6. We demanded that every student who took part in the Party

　　________ immediately． A. to be quiet

　　B. quiet

　　C. be quiet

　　D. being quiet 解析:选C。demand，request，ask，require，order，command等词后都从句时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，且should可省略。 7. It took him a long time to

　　_____ the disappointment of losing his new match． A. go over

　　B. hand over

　　C. get over

　　D. come over 解析:选C。get over爬过;克服，熬过;恢复；come over过来;抓住；go over度过……；转变；复习；hand over移交。根据句意，选C。 8. Jackson ______ rumors in the town and was arrested by the police. A. suspected to spread B. was suspected of spreading C. was suspected to spread D. was suspected spreading 解析:选B。suspect sb．of sth．／doing sth．怀疑某人做某事。 9. —Did you know he’d been accused of ______ driving? —They must have made a big mistake，I think he is ______. A. drunk；innocent

　　B. drunken；guilty C. drunken；innocent

　　D. drunk；guilty 解析:选C。drunk多作表语，drunken多作定语；结合句意可知，选C。 10. ______ everyone here，may I wish you，Mr. Johnson，a very happy journey. On behalf of

　　B. In case of

　　C. In addition to

　　D. Regardless of 解析:选A。on behalf of作为……的代表，符合句意。in case of万一；in addition to加上；regardless of不管，不顾。 11. Brown shrugged his shoulders and ______，surrendering to the police without a word. A. gave out

　　B. gave in

　　C. gave off

　　D. gave away 解析:选B。give in上交；(被迫)放弃，投降，屈服；give out分发，用尽；精疲力竭；give off发出(蒸汽、光等)；长出(枝、杈)等；give away出卖；泄漏。由句意可知，应选B。 12. My brother went to France pennilessly______

　　home forty years later as a millionaire. A. return

　　B. returns

　　C. returning

　　D. to return 解析:选D。分词作结果状语表示必然的、顺延的结果;不定式作结果状语表示没有预料到的，非逻辑的结果。 13. By the time she was 30，Alice had begun to ______ for herself as a fashion designer. A. make a name

　　B. call her name C. call a name

　　D. make her name 解析:选A。get／make／win a name(for oneself)出名，成名，为自己赢得名声；call one’s name叫……的名字。 14. ______ children often

　　cannot help

　　eating

　　more

　　and tend to put on too much weight. A. Generous

　　B. Greedy

　　C. Selfish

　　D. Corrupt 解析:选B。greedy有“贪婪的，贪吃的”之意。 15. I ______ the taxi when it suddenly ______ to me that I might forget the air-ticket in my home. A. was getting on；struck B. was getting on；happened C. was about to get on；appeared D. was about to get on；occurred 解析:选D。考查时态及固定句式。be about to do sth．表示“正打算干……”；用进行式表示短暂性动作“上车”不合适。It occurred to sb．that...某人突然想起……；happen常用于It happened that...或sb.happened to do sth.结构中。