高考英语语法专项训练:第6讲_介词及介词短语-查字典英语网
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高考英语语法专项训练:第6讲_介词及介词短语

发布时间:2017-02-07  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  * 1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,25)Sean has formed the habit of jogging______

  the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day. A. between

  B. along

  C. below

  D. with

  【答案】B 【解析】考查介词的用法,根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”,表示“沿着”时,应该选B。 * 4.(2010高考英语浙江卷,7)I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just ______.

  A.by nature

  B.in return

  C.in case

  D.by chance

  【答案】C 【解析】本题考查介词短语。分析四个选项的意思:by nature 天生地;in return作为回报,作为交换;in case 万一,以防;by chance偶然地。根据句意:我想我之前已经跟你谈论过这件事,但是以防万一,我再问你一次。

  * 6.(2010高考英语四川卷,5)Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ______

  a big tree. A. in

  B. below

  C. beside

  D. against

  【答案】D 【解析】考查介词。句意为:“累了,吉姆背倚着树,很快就睡着了。” against此处意为:“倚着,靠着”; below“在……的下方”; beside“在……的旁边”;in“在……的里面或时间……之后”。 * 7.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,25)Were planning to send out a thousand invitations ______ Expo-volunteers. A.over

  B.in

  C.on

  D.to

  【答案】D 【解析】考查介词。语意:我们打算送1000张邀请函给世博会志愿者。send sth to sb意为送某物给某人,据此选D项。

  * 8.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,31)I agree to his suggestion

  _______ the

  condition

  that

  he

  drops

  all charges. A. by

  B. in

  C. on

  D. to

  【答案】C 【解析】考查固定搭配。语意为:我同意接受他的提议,条件是他撤销全部的诉讼。on (the) condition that与连词if同义,表示“在……条件下”,后接条件状语从句。根据语意选C项。 * apart from…

  除……以外 except for…除了……(整体的某个不足的部分) regardless of…

  不管…… contrary to…

  与……相反 on behalf of…

  代表…… but for…

  要不是由于…… out of curiosity

  出于好奇 * 考点5:注意下列带介词的词组: (1)介词to可表示“一一对应”关系,其搭配如下: ①与名词搭配: on the way to…在去……的路上 the solution to the problem问题的解决方法 the key to the door门的钥匙 the answer to the question问题的答案 * to the point切中要害,中肯 to one's taste合某人胃口 to one's surprise/ joy/ delight令人吃惊/高兴/快乐的是 * ②与动词搭配: devote…to…

  为……作贡献 dance to music

  伴着音乐跳舞 adapt…to…

  适应…… adjust…to…

  调节……以适应 attach…to…

  把……粘贴到……上 owe…to…

  把……归功于…… * (2)on的搭配难点词组: depend/ rely on

  依赖于 be hard on sb.

  对某人苛刻 be on a research team

  研究队中的一员 take on雇佣;呈现 (3)over可以表示“在某事/活动进行的过程中”,如: over a cup of coffee

  在喝咖啡的时候 over lunch

  在吃中餐的时候 * (4)考生要熟悉多个“形容词+介词”的词组以及“be done+介词(done已经形容词化,表示状态)”;如: be conscious of意识到 be aware of意识到;明白 be worthy of值得;配得上 be absent from缺席 be present at出席 * be busy with/in doing忙于…… be anxious about为……担心 be ashamed of因……而惭愧 * be suspicious of怀疑…… be different from与……不同 be similar to与……相似 be familiar with sth. 熟悉某物 be fond of喜爱 be strict with sb. 对某人严格 be strict in sth. 在某方面严格 be popular with受到……的欢迎 * be tired of厌倦…… be lost in迷失在……;专心于…… be related to与……有关 be devoted to致力于…… be satisfied with对……满意 be crowded with挤满了…… be stuck in陷入(某种困境) * 要点知识

  点拨 返回目录 *  

  普通介词(如:at,by,for,in,over,to,

  up等)

  

  合成介词(如:onto,into,within,

  without)

  

  分词介词(如:concerning,

  considering, including等) 介 词 简 单 介 词 定义: 是由 一个 单词 构成 的介 词。 返回目录 1.按结构分 介词的分类 *

  双重介词:是由两个简单的介词重叠使用而构

  成的 (如:from behind, from among)

  短语介词:两个或两个以上的词所组成的短语

  构成的,一般来说,这个短语的最后一个词是

  简单介词。

  (如:in case of,

  according to,

  out

  of, because

  of, by means of,

  in spite

  of, instead of)

  介 词 *

  表示时间的介词:at, on, in,

  after, for, since, by, till, until, during

  表示地点、位置的介词:

  in, at, round, around, beyond,on,

  beneath,over,under,above,below,up,down,

  before,behind,between,among

  表示方向、方位的介词:to,in,for,at

  表示空间运动的介词:

  along,across,through,over,up,

  down,from,to,into,out of 介 词 返回目录 2.按意义和用法分 *

  表示工具、方法和手段的介词:

  with, by, in, through, on

  表示原因的介词:because of, owing

  to, due to(一般不位于句首),on account

  of, at, for, from, with, of,without,

  besides, except, except for, but,

  (意思较广)

  表示让步的介词:in spite of, despite, after

  all, for all, with all 介 词 返回目录 *

  介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。

  介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语。介词可分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。 ①Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语) ②This machine is in good condition.(表语) ③Where is the key to my bike?(定语) ④She always thinks herself above others.(宾补) * 热门考点梳理

  *

  【即学即练】 单项填空 ①It was a pity that the great writer died _____ his works unfinished.

  A. for

  B. with

  C. from

  D. of 解析:选B。works 与unfinish之间为动宾关系,所以用过去分词表示被动。如果名词或代词与后面的动词是主谓关系,则用现在分词表示主动。 【考点一】考查with/without复合结构 *

  (1)by, in, on三词都可表示旅行的方式 ①用by,名词前不加冠词。如by sea, by water, by land, by air等。 ②涉及交通工具的名词时用by,如by bike, by train, by spaceship等。 ③当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时,用on或in,名词前加修饰语。leave on an early train,go to school on my bike等。 注意:步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如on foot,on horseback,on a horse,on the camel。 【考点二】考查工具、手段、方式介词 * (2)with, by, in三词均意为“用”,表示行为的工具、手段或方式。

  ①with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前。 We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.

  ②by, in, on, over, through等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如by hand, in ink, on the telephone, over the radio, through the telescope等。 注意:1)使用语言、原料、材料时,用in表示,如in English/Japanese;in blue ink等。

  * 2)表达“用……方法/式”时,所用介词有:

  in this/that/the same way,

  by means of,by this/that means,

  with this/that method等。

  * “of+抽象名词”的用法与形容词相近,在句中可作表语、定语、补语。 of+great/much +抽象名词=very+名词的形容词形式 of+no+抽象名词=not+名词的形容词形式 It is of great value.=It is very valuable. It is of no use.=It is useless.

  【考点三】考查of+抽象名词的用法 *

  by 表示“增加了……”;to表示“增加到……”;beyond表示“范围, 限度超出”。 【即学即练】 ②Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s ______ the visiting hours. A. during

  B. at

  C. beyond

  D. before 解析:选C。考查介词的用法。beyond(时间)晚于,迟于。

  【考点四】考查表示程度的介词by, to, beyond *

  have no choice but to do 只得做某事;

  can’t help but do

  不得不做……;

  but for

  要不是……

  I have no choice but to accept his conditions. There was no taxi that day, I couldn’t choose but stay there for 【考点五】考查介词but的固定搭配 *

  to 与情感类名词连用, to+one’s+delight/surprise/horror

  /sorrow/joy/regret =to the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow

  /joy/regret of sb. 用作状语,通常置于句首 To his disappointment, he failed again.

  【考点六】考查to one’s+情感类名词 * 【考点七】考查名词与to构成的固定搭配 key, approach, solution, answer, entrance, visit, attitude等与to构成固定搭配:

  The key / approach / solution/answer/entrance /visit/attitude to...

  It is said that they have adopted a new approach to teaching English. *

  (1)by+地点名词。表示方位,意为“在……旁边”。 注意:表示“从……旁边经过”时,多与动词go/walk/pass等词连用。 (2)by+时间名词,意为“到……时(已发生某事);最晚,不迟于……,在……之前”,此时谓语多用完成时。 (3)by+名词。可用来表示方法、方式、手段等。 ①by+the+可数名词(时间、长度、重量等),意为“按……计算;按……买(卖)”。 ②by+表示时间、长度、重量等总称的不可数名词(名词前不加冠词),意为“按……计算,按……买(卖)”。 【考点八】考查介词by的用法 * ③by+表示交通工具、交通方式名词(名词前不加冠词,不用复数),意为“通过……;由……;乘……”。 ④by+抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词(名词前不加冠词,不用复数),意为“靠……;通过……;由……所致”。 ⑤by+地点或工具等具体名词。表示路线、途径,意为“通过(某物、某地);取道……”。 ⑥by+动词-ing,意为“通过……;靠……;凭……”。 * (4)by+数量词。 ①表示升降、增减的程度。 ②表示距离和面积、体积中的尺寸及乘除法中的运算。 (5)by+身体部位/衣服类名词。表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分,常与catch/seize/take/hold/grab等动词连用。

  * It takes a long time to go there by train; it’s quicker by road. The man entered the room by the back door. The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year. Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen.

  *

  选词填空(except/besides/expect for/that/but) ①Your article is quite good ______ several spelling mistakes. ②Nobody knew his name ______ me. ③Some people choose jobs for other reasons ______ money these days. ④I would buy the suit, ______ it costs too much. ⑤Who ______ a fool would do such a thing? 【考点九】 except, besides, except for/that, but ①选except for表示修正;②选except表示排除在外; ③选besides表示“除……之外,还”; ④选except that其后跟从句;⑤选but,常用于疑问词后 * 解析:except指从整体中除去一部分,排除或不包括在内;besides意为“除……之外(还有)”,表示包括besides之后的内容,含有“尚有”之意; except for 表示部分地修正主句的内容,带有一种惋惜的语气; except that 与except for意义相同,只是except that后面接从句; but与except意思相近, 常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等不定代词和疑问词后面。 注意:but前面的谓语动词是实义动词do时,后接省略“to”的不定式作宾语;反之,则后接带to的不定式作宾语。 She had no choice but to wait.

  He did nothing but read a novel yesterday.

  What can you do but take back what you said.

  * 重温高考

  * 高考链接

  体验 考点梳理

  精讲 要点知识

  点拨 误区警示

  透析

  第06讲

  介词及介词短语

  * 高考链接

  体验 返回目录 * 例1:(2010·天津卷) My father warned me ______ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.

  A. by

  B. on

  C. for

  D. against 【解析】D 本题考查动词与介词的习惯搭配。warn sb. against doing sth. 相当于warn sb. not to do sth., 意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。句意:我父亲警告我不要去西海岸,因为那里挤满了游客。 * 例2:(2011·湖北卷) When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ______ younger men.

  A. in terms of

  B. in need of  

  C. in favor of

  D. in praise of 【解析】C 考查介词词组。根据句意,“当在问及对这个学校的校长有什么看法时,很多老师支持年轻人,希望他让位。”in praise of 表扬;in terms of 就……而言;in need of 需要。

  * 例3:(2011·北京卷)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ______color.

  A. by

  B. for 

  C. with

  D. in 【解析】D 考查介词的用法。in color以彩色照片或图片的方式摄制,固定搭配。take pictures in color拍彩色照片。

  * 例4:(2010·北京卷)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ______ everyone's enjoyment.

  A. in

  B. at 

  C. for

  D. to 【解析】C for sb.'s enjoyment是习惯用语,意思为“为了某人的快乐”,其中sb.'s也可以省去,变为for enjoyment,例如:We work in the garden for enjoyment. 我们为寻求乐趣而在园子里劳作。 * 例5:(2010·重庆卷)The dictionary is what I want, but I don't have enough money ______ me.

  A. by

  B. for 

  C. in

  D. with 【解析】D 本题考查介词的搭配额。此处with me相当于on me 表示“身上带有”。I don't have enough money with me 意思是“我没有随身带那么多钱”。

  *

  【高考考查趋势】

  介词主要考查:

  1、常用介词用法辨析;

  2、介词短语辨析;

  3、动词、名词、形容词与介词的固定搭配辨析。 * 考点梳理

  精讲 返回目录 * 考点梳理 * 返回目录 2. * ________ giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience.

  In terms of

  B. In addition to

  C. In case of

  D. In spite of 解析:选B。考查介词短语的辨析。in addition to

  除……之外;in terms of 就……方面而言; in case of 防止;in spite of 虽然, 尽管。根据句意,应选B。 * 3. * 4. * * 牢记下列常见的复合介词:

  in addition to= besides除……以外,还有 in case of

  万一发生…… in common with与……有共同之处,与……相同 in face of

  面对…… in danger of

  处于……的危险中 in need/want of

  需要…… in short of

  缺…… in favour of有利于…… * in exchange for

  以交换…… in memory of

  为了纪念…… in honour of

  为了表示对……的崇敬 in praise of

  为了赞美…… in charge of

  负责…… in the charge of

  由……负责 in possession of

  拥有…… in the possession of由……拥有 * in search of

  为了寻找…… in preparation for为……

  作准备 in place of

  代替,而不是 in hopes for/in the hope of

  希望…… in front of

  在……的前面 in the front of

  在……的前部 in the form of

  以……的形式 in the name of

  以……名义 * in relation to

  与……相关;和……相联系 in response to/in answer to作为对……的回应 in return for

  作为对……的回报 in spite of

  尽管…… in terms of

  就……而言 * in harmony with

  与……和谐 according to…

  依据,根据…… owing to/because of/on account of/ due to…

  因为…… thanks to…

  多亏了…… by means of…

  凭借…… as for/to…

  至于……

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