She wears a pair of glasses.她戴着一副眼镜。 Don't judge a man by his looks.不要以貌取人。 It is bad manners to talk with his mouth full. 说话时满嘴食物是不礼貌的。
1.(2010•重庆高考)The dictionary is what I want,but I don't
have enough money ________ me. A.by
B.for C.in
D.with 解析:考查介词。with在此表示“在……身边,在……身上”。 答案:D 2.(2010•四川高考)Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his
back ________ a big tree. A.in
B.below C.beside
D.against 解析:考查介词。against“靠,倚”。句意:疲倦了,吉姆背靠着一棵大树很快就睡着了。 答案:D 3.(2010•江西高考)We give dogs time,space and love we
can spam,and ________ ,dogs give us their all. A.in all
B.in fact C.in short
D.in return 解析:考查介词短语。句意:我们抽出时间、空间和爱给予狗,而狗回报给我们的则是它们的全部。in all总共;in fact实际上;in short简而言之;in return作为报答。故D项符合句意。 答案:D 4.(2010•湖北高考)It is illegal for a public official to ask
people for gifts or money ________ favors to them. A.in preference to
B.in place of C.in agreement with
D.in exchange for 解析:考查介词短语。句意:政府官员索要钱财来进行权钱交易是违法的。A项“优先于”;B项“代替”;C项“与……一致”;D项“交换”,故D项符合。 答案:D 5.(2010•福建高考)More and more highrise buildings
have been built in big cities ________ space. A.in search of
B.in place of C.for lack of
D.for fear of 解析:考查介词短语。in search of为了寻找,in place of取代,代替,for lack of由于缺乏……;for fear of由于担心……。根据句意,可知C项正确。 答案:C 对于介词的考查,主要以对其固定搭配的考查为主,体现在以下三个方面: 1.常见的几组名词和介词的搭配: attention to对……的注意;devotion to 对……的奉献;a visit to 对……的访问;interest in对……的兴趣;comments on对……的评论;application for 对……的申请;an influence on对……的影响;confidence in对……的信心;contact with 与……取的联系 He should be admired for his devotion to improving education.他对改善教育作出的贡献应该得到赞扬。
2.动词与介词搭配的短语比较多,需要在平时的学习中 逐一记忆。如: dream of梦想;insist on坚持;depend on依靠;belong to 属于;lead to导致;deal with 处理;argue about 争论;call on 拜访;refer to 提到 The man insisted on finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. 即使我告诉他我住在附近,这个人坚决主张给我找一辆出租车。 3.形容词与介词搭配的短语有: anxious about 对……感到忧虑;nervous about 因……不安;successful in 在……方面很成功;dependent on依赖于……;responsible for 对……负责;absent from 缺席……;proud of因……自豪;famous for 因……闻名;ashamed of对……感到愧疚;loyal to 忠诚于……;harmful to 对……有害;popular with 受……欢迎
(2009·天津高考)The art show was far from being a failure;it was a great success.艺术展览根本谈不上失败,而是十分成功的。 (2009·湖北高考)His efforts to raise money for his program were in vain because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.他为自己的项目筹钱的努力是徒劳的,因为没有人愿意拿出哪怕是一分钱。 (2009·湖北高考)You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request in the form of a question.如果你以问题的形式提出要求,那么会显得更有礼貌。 1.(2010•江西高考)Last year the number of students who
graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000,a(n) ________ of 40,000 per year. A.averageB.number C.amount
D.quantity 解析:本题考查名词辨析。句意:去年毕业时就有驾照的学生数量已达到20万,平均每年4万。average平均,平均数;a number of许多,大量,修饰可数名词;an amount of许多,大量,与不可数名词连用;a quantity of许多,大量的,修饰可数和不可数名词。根据句意,选A。 答案:A 2.(2010•湖北高考)This restaurant has become popular for
its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. A.division
B.area C.range
D.circle 解析:本题考查名词辨析。句意:这家餐馆很受欢迎,因为它提供各种食物,能满足各种口味和各种消费层次。division 区分,分开,除法,部门;area 区域,面积,范围;range一系列,(变动或浮动的)范围,界限;circle圆周,循环,社交圈。语境说能满足各种口味和消费层次,由此判断选C。 答案:C 3.(2010•湖北高考)After the earthquake,the first thing the
local government did was to provide ________for the homeless families. A.accommodation
B.occupation C.equipment
D.furniture 解析:本题考查名词辨析。句意:地震发生之后,当地政府所做的第一件事就是为无家可归的家庭提供住宿。accommodation住处,停留处,膳宿;occupation职业,占有期间,占有;equipment 设备,器材,装备,配备;furniture 家具。从语境的“地震之后”“失去家园的家庭”判断,本题选A表示提供“住宿”。 答案:A 4.(2010·江苏高考)The doctor is skilled at treating heart
trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients,so he has a very good ________. A.expectation
B.reputation C.contribution
D.civilization 解析:考查名词辨析。句意:这名医生对心脏病的治疗技术高超,并且从不接受病人送的任何礼品,因此,他名声很好。expectation 期待,预料;reputation 名誉,名声,声望;contribution 贡献;civilization 文明。故答案为B。 答案:B 5.(2010·安徽高考)I haven't seen Sara since she was a
little girl,and she has changed beyond ________. A.hearing
B.strength C.recognition
D.measure 解析:句意:自从Sara还是孩子的时候,我就一直没见过她。她现在已经变得(让人)认不出来了。beyond recognition无法辨认。 答案:C 这类题型的解题关键是: 1.考生必须掌握选项中各个名词的意思及用法。 2.考生必须读懂题干,这是作出正确选择的关键。如果读 不懂句子的意思,就很难作出正确的选择。为了更好地解决这一类题目,在平时的学习中考生一定要积累一些近义名词的用法。 1.chance,opportunity (1)chance 表示“机会,可能性(强调偶然性)”。 (2)opportunity 表示“机会,时机(强调通过努力获得的机 会)”,既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词。 Chances are that he has already arrived. 他很有可能已经到了。 (2008·江苏高考)To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as we can. 为了学好英语,我们应该找机会尽量多听。 2.reputation,influence,impression (1)reputation 表示“名誉,名声”。 (2)influence 表示“影响”,常用于短语have an influence on
sb. 对……有影响。 (3)impression 表示“印象”,常用于短语give/leave an
impression on sb.“给……留下印象”。 (2009·安徽高考)China has got a good reputation for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organazation.中国在与流感作斗争中因细致与平稳的安排获得了好的名声。 3.state,position,condition,situation (1)state 意为“状态,样子,情况,形势”。 (2)position 意为“位置,职位”。 (3)situation 意为“形势,状况,局面”。 (4)condition 意为“条件,境况”。
(2009·陕西高考)From their position on the top of the TV Tower,visitors can have a better view of the city. 从他们所在的电视塔顶的位置,游客们能更好地观看这个城市的风景。 School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations. 学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。 He was in a poor state of health. 他的健康状况不佳。 4.mark,sign signal,symbol (1)mark 标志,标记。 (2)sign 记号,标记,迹象。 (3)signal 信号。 (4)symbol 象征,符号。 (2009·湖北高考)In our class,when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book,it was a signal for everyone to stand up.在课堂上,铃声响起,老师合上书就是我们起立的信号。 There were no signs of life on the island. 那个岛上没有生物存在的迹象。 5.quantity,quality,character,personality (1)quantity 表示“数量”。 (2)quality 既可以表示事物的“品质”,还可以表示人的 “品德,素质”。 (3)character 泛指性格,无所谓好坏,还可以表示“角色, 文字,字母”。 (4)personality 意为“个性”。 They are twins but have quite different characters. 他们虽为双胞胎,但性格却相当不同。 Kindness is a human quality which everyone admires. 仁慈是谁都称赞的人类品质。 1.(2010·福建高考)It's ________ good feeling for people to
admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them
________ pleasure. A.不填;a
B.a;不填 C.the;a
D.a;the 解析:句意:上海世博会给人们带来了快乐,欣赏世博会是一种美好的感受。有些不可数名词,如knowledge,command,feeling等,前面有“a/an+形容词”修饰时,表示一件具体的事情或一个……的人。pleasure意为“愉快,快乐”,为不可数名词,故不加冠词。 答案:B 2.(2010·北京高考)First impressions are the most lasting. After all,you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression. A.a;the
B.the;the C.a;a
D.the;a 解析:句意:第一印象最持久。毕竟,你不会再有机会去形成第一印象。第一空后有second,在此表示再一次机会,而不是表顺序,应用不定冠词;第二空中的第一印象是泛指,也不是表示顺序,又根据题干可以判断impression在此处是可数名词,可数名词单数表泛指时须用不定冠词,故选择C项。 答案:C 3.(2011•重庆第二次调研)—How do you like ________
speaker? —His attitude toward the event was ________ big surprise to me. A.the;a B.an;a C.the;the
D.an;the 解析:考查冠词用法。第一空处指说话双方都知道的人,表示特指,故用定冠词the;第二空处表示一个惊讶,表示泛指,故用不定冠词a。 答案:A 1.抽象名词具体化 具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体指特定的某一件事时,这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。 (1)difficulty 困难;a difficulty 一件难事 (2)experience 经验;an experience 一次经历 (3)failure 失败;a failure 一位失败者,一件失败的事
(4)knowledge 知识;a good knowledge 丰富的知识 (5)success 成功;a success 一位成功者,一件成功的事 (6)surprise 惊奇;a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事 (7)honour 荣誉;an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事 Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。 His new book was a great success. 他的新书获得巨大成功。 2.有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词
物质名词 可数名词 物质名词 可数名词 drink
饮料 two drinks 两杯饮料 sugar
糖 a sugar
一块糖 coffee
咖啡 a coffee 一杯咖啡 paper 纸 a paper 一张报纸; 一篇论文 tea 茶 two teas两杯茶 hair 头发 a hair 一根头发 Would you like some coffee?你想喝点咖啡吗? I would like a coffee and two beers. 我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。
3.有些不可数名词后面加s时表示特殊意义
不可数名词 复数形式 不可数名词 复数形式 time 时间 times 次数;时代;倍数 glass玻璃 glasses 眼镜 wood 木头 woods 树林 sand 沙子 sands 沙滩 paper 纸 papers 试卷;论文;报纸 wish 愿望 wishes 问候
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