witness
vt. & vi.亲见；目击；作证；为……作证n.见证人；目击者
(教材原句)．..a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man.……一个叫普利尼的罗马作家写了一次他年轻时目击的一场恐怖的火山喷发。
(1)witness sth
目击/亲眼看到/见证某事
witness for/against作有 利于/不利于……的证明
witness to sth/doing sth 为……作证，出庭证明
(2)be a witness to sth
是……的目击者；证据
bear/give witness to
为……作证 ①The world has witnessed China's development in space with the successful launch of Shenzhou Ⅹ Spaceship.神州十号的成功发射，使世人见证了中国在太空方面的发展。 ②She witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.她作证说，她看到此人进了那栋建筑物。 ③His good health is________________ the success of the treatment.
他良好的健康状况证明这种疗法是成功的。 答案 ③a witness to occur (occurred, occurred) vi.发生，出现；被想起
(教材原句)The eruption had occurred on August 24th, 79 AD.火山爆发发生在公元79年8月24日。
sth occurs to sb
某事被某人想起
It occurs to sb that...
某人想起……
It occurs to sb to do sth
某人想起做某事 ①Didn't it occur to you that he might be interested in it？你当时没有想到他可能对此事感兴趣吗？ ②I suppose it didn't occur to you to phone the police.
我猜想你不会打电话报警。 ③________________ that he had left his keys in the office.(2012·江西卷单项填空)
他突然想到把钥匙落在办公室里了。 答案 ③It suddenly occurred to him burst
vi.爆炸，冲，闯；爆裂；突然发生，突然出现
n．爆发，突发
(教材原句)The building exploded because a gas pipe had burst.因为天然气管道的破裂，这幢楼爆炸了。 (1)burst into/in
闯进，破门而入
burst out
突然迸发，爆发
burst into tears/laughter＝burst out crying/laughing
突然大哭/大笑
burst with anger/joy/grief勃然大怒/乐不可支/心痛欲绝 (2)a burst of
突发的响声；情感的突然爆发 ① Last night the room was burst into but nothing was taken away.昨晚有人闯入房间但没有带走任何东西。 ②I don't know what it was in the novel that made him________________.(2012·湖北卷完成句子)
我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。 答案 ②burst into tears 巧学助记 burst的多层含义 come across偶然遇见；被理解
(教材原句)I came across an interesting name story when I visited my cousin in Henan Province.我在河南省看我表哥时无意中听到了一个有趣的有关名字的故事。 come out
出现；出版；结果是 come about
发生 come along/on
过来；赶快；进展 come to
苏醒；发生；总数达；关于 come up with
提出
①During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across.(2016·湖北卷，A)
在旅行途中，我正忙着记录我碰到的每个事件、名称和地点。 ②I spoke for a long time but my meaning didn't really________.
我讲了很久，但并没有人真正理解我的意思。 ③Dad said that Feng Gong's new book________ next month.爸爸说冯巩的新书下个月出版。 答案 ②come across ③would come out hold up 举起；使耽搁；推迟，阻延；承受住
(教材原句)She became quite famous when she invented a new way of holding up suspension bridges during the building process.她因在建设过程中发明了一种新的支撑吊桥的方法而闻名。
hold on
挺住；坚持住；(打电话)别挂断
hold on to
抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持
hold back
阻挡；拦阻；隐瞒；控制
hold down
压制；限制
hold out
(在困境中)坚持；伸出；提供；维持；忍耐 ①She is holding up well under the pressure.
她承受住了压力。 ②We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out.我们可以在这儿一直待到我们的贮备品用完。 ③We ________for nearly an hour on our way by the traffic accident.
我们在路上被交通事故耽搁了近一个小时。 答案 ③were held up figure out 理解，明白；计算出
(教材原句)So they figured out a way to change it.
所以他们想出一个方法去改变它。
(1)figure in
是……的(重要)部分；包括
figure on
计划，打算；估计；预料到
figure up
计算，把……加起来
(2)figure n．
数字；形象；人物 ①I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.(2016·四川卷，B)
我试图找出如何直接地游到男孩那边。 ②With traffic so heavy, we'd better figure on an extra hour.交通这么拥挤，我们最好多算进一个小时。 ③The bill you paid________________the tip you have to give to the waiter.
你支付的账单并没有包括你必须付给服务员的小费。 答案 ③doesn't figure in
[句 式 诠 释] (教材原句)Now that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。
now that“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句，相当于since，而且that可以省略。 ①We needn't have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.(2012·江西卷单项填空)
既然苏西不和我们一起吃晚饭，我们本不必买这么多食物的。 ②________________， you should not rely on your parents.既然长大了，你就不应该依靠你父母了。
答案 ②Now (that) you are grown up (教材原句)It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word...这是海伦第一次理解这样复杂的词……
(1)It is/was the＋序数词＋time＋(that)．..表示“是第几次做……”。这是一个特殊的句型，当主句用is时，that从句应该用现在完成时；当主句用was时，that从句应该用过去完成时。还可以用this/that代替it。
①It is the first time that he has been praised by his teachers.这是他第一次受到老师们的表扬。 ③It is high time that we ________________ measures to prevent global warming.
是我们采取措施阻止全球变暖的时候了。 答案 ②had visited ③should take/took 考点归纳拓展 基础知识通关 [写 作 必 备] 基础词汇 1．transport n． 交通 2．parcel n.
包裹 3．view n.
风景 4．temple n.
庙宇 5．organize v.
组织 6．everywhere adv.
到处 7．prefer v.
更喜欢 ·必考话题16 旅游与交通(Ⅰ) 8．scenery n.
景色 9．catch up with
赶上 10．get close to
接近 11．in no case
决不 12．a dream trip
梦想之旅 13．a place of interest
名胜 14．from home and abroad
来自国内外 提分句型 1．It takes only three hours to fly to Xi'an from Guangzhou.从广州飞到西安只需要三个小时。 2．With the help of modern science and technology traveling becomes easier.
在现代科技的帮助下，旅行变得容易多了。 3．With modern transportation like the plane and the train，we can go anywhere we like in a short time.
有了飞机和火车这样的现代交通方式，我们能够在短时间内去到任何一个我们想去的地方。 4．Located in the south of China，Guangzhou is considered as one of the most modern cities in our country.广州位于中国的南部，被认为是中国最现代化的城市之一。 [美 文 赏 析] 素材示例 (2016·江西卷)星光中学(Xingguang High School)近期举行了一次登山活动。假定你是学校英语报记者，请写一篇短文，报道此次活动。内容包括：
(1)时间与地点：4月10日，大青山(Daqing Mountain)；(2)活动的过程；(3)你对于这次活动的评论。
注意：(1)词数120左右；(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ In order to relieve our
students of study stress for a little while，our school held a mountainclimbing activity on April 10. Up to 500 students entered for it.On the way to Daqing Mountain，we talked，sung and laughed together.Listening to the birds and feeling the soft wind，we got completely relaxed.①What's more，on the arrival at the foot of Daqing Mountain，everyone had
an ambition of reaching the peak.Much to my delight，many students would help
the students who couldn't catch up with the team.Through struggles and efforts，we finally made it.② 佳作播报
There is no doubt that③ we had a good chance to get close to nature and gained happiness.Most importantly，in my opinion，the success makes us believe that in no case can we give way to obstacles and just go for it bravely! 1．Listening to the birds and feeling the soft wind，...是由and连接的两个现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[模拟] The boy lay on the bed，reading a newspaper.
那个男孩躺在床上看着报纸。 2．make it取得成功。
[模拟] I never thought Mary would make it as an actress.
我从来没想到玛丽会成为一名成功的女演员。 3．There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……，是固定句式。
[模拟] There is no doubt that
Gangnam Style is very popular among the young.
毫无疑问《江南style》在年轻人中很流行。
Ⅰ.核心单词 1．________(vt.)抛弃，遗弃→________(adj.)被抛弃的，被遗弃的 2．________(vt.)保护，保存→________(n.)保护者，维护者 3．________(v.)目击→________(n.)机智，风趣；能力，智力 4．________(vi.)发生→________(n.)发生 5．________(vi.)爆炸；冲；闯 6．________(vi.)颤抖，发抖 7．________(vi.&vt.)聚集 8．________(n.)同情 9．________(adv.)特别地，特定地→________(adj.)特别的，特定的，特有的 10．________(adj.)典型的n.特点，特征→________(n.)性格；人物 11．________(n.)同情→________(v.)同情→________(adj.)有同情心的 12．________(n.)重要性；意义→________(adj.)重大的，有意义的 13．________(adj.)反常的，不正常的→________(adj.)正常的，通常的 14．________(n.)起源，开端；出身→________(adj.)最初的，起源的 15．________(n.)限制，约束→________(vt.)限制，约束 16．________(adj.)不能忍受的→________(adj.)可忍受的→________(v.)忍受 17．________(vt.)介绍，提出，呈现→________(n.)提出，赠送 18．________(n.)(评判的)标准(复数)→________(n.)(评判的)标准(单数) 答案 1.abandon；abandoned 2.preserve；preserver 3．witness；wit 4.occur；occurence 5.burst 6.tremble 7．gather 8.sympathy 9.particularly；particular 10．characteristic；character 11.sympathy；sympathize；sympathetic 12.significance；significant 13.abnormal；normal 14.origin；original 15.restriction；restrict 16．unbearable；bearable；bear 17.present；presentation 18．criteria；criterion Facing the complex，severe and abnormal situation，we should never tremble，never be discouraged and never abandon.We don't need sympathy and must make a breakthrough and we are sure to be witness to admirable success. ——词不离句，句不离段 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．出现
________________ 2．撞倒某人
________________ 3．从前
________________ 4．堵住
________________ 5．从某种程度上说
________________ 6．侧身
________________ 7．断绝关系；分成小部分
________________ 8．谈到，提及
________________ 9．name...after
________________ 10．come across
________________ 11．hold up
________________ 12．count on
________________ 13．figure out
________________ 14．end up
________________ 15．put up with
________________ 16．in particular
________________ 答案 1.come into view 2.knock sb over 3.once upon a time 4.block out 5.in a way 6.on one's side 7．split up 8.refer to 9.以……命名 10.偶然遇见 11.支撑起 12.依靠 13.理解 14.以……结束，以……告终 15.容忍，忍受 16.特别，尤其 ——小试身手，聚焦短语 ①The building work has been held up by the bad weather. ②I came across one of my old friends when I went shopping yesterday afternoon. ③I really don't know how they put up with such extreme condition. ④You can refer to a dictionary when you come across a new word. ⑤Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it. Ⅲ.经典句式 1．Another man, lying on his side, looks as if he is trying to get up.
躺在他旁边的另一个人看上去好像在试图站立起来。
[解读]as if...好像……
[模拟]The woman loves the children deeply ______________(就好像是他们的妈妈一样) 2．Now that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。
[解读]now that引导原因状语从句
[模拟]________________(既然这是最后一次机会) you should catch it. 3．It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch.
这是海伦第一次理解这么复杂的单词——一个代表她触碰不到的东西的单词。
[解读]It is/was＋序数词＋time＋(that)句型
[模拟]It was the second time that he______________(受惩罚)because he drove after drinking. 4．Uncertain about how to fix them, she stopped to think carefully.不能确定如何修理它们，她停下来仔细思考。
[解读]形容词作伴随状语
[模拟]________________(又累又热), we had to have a break.
答案 1.as if she were their mother 2.Now that this is the last chance 3.had been punished 4.Tired and hot Ⅳ.必背句法——过去完成时，have/get sth done结构 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．There was nothing left of the town.The earthquake of the previous year________(destroy) it completely. 2．We were late.When we arrived, the show________(start)． 3．When the guard________(inspect) the bag, he________(hand) it back to Mark. 4．My bike is broken.I'll have it________(repair)． 5．I'll try my best to get my work________(finish) as soon as possible. 答案 1.had destroyed 2.had started 3.inspected；had handed 4.repaired 5.finished ①Until then he________________about it yet.
直到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。 ②He said that he________________for three years.
他说他在国外待了3年。 ③This was the first time they ________________in thirtynine years.
这是39年里他们第一次见面。 ④Please get________________before ten o'clock.
请在10点以前把作业完成。 答案 ①had known nothing ②had been abroad ③had met ④your homework finished ——条分缕析，步步为营
[词 汇 精 解] abandon vt.放弃，遗弃；沉湎于(某种情感)
n．[U]放任，放纵
(教材原句)It looked abandoned.
它看起来像被遗弃了。
(1)abandon sb
(不顾责任、义务等)遗弃某人
abandon (doing) sth 放弃(做)某事
abandon oneself to... 沉溺于……
(2)with abandon
纵情地，放任地
(3)abandoned adj.
被遗弃的，废弃的 ①Many young in big cities decided to abandon buying a house because of high price.
由于房价高，许多大城市的年轻人决定放弃买房。 ②Now many students________________computer games.现在许多学生迷恋于玩电脑游戏。 ③Yuan Lihai started to take care of orphans and________children since 1987.袁厉害从1987年起就开始收养孤儿和被遗弃的孩子。 答案 ②abandon themselves to (playing) ③abandoned 巧学助记 preserve vt.保护，保存；维护n.保护区
(教材原句)In a way, Pompeii is like a “time capsule”preserving a frozen moment in history.
从某种程度上说庞贝古城如同一粒时间胶囊，保存了历史上一段被封存了的瞬间。
(1)preserve sb/sth from...
保护某人/某物免于……
preserve sth＋adj.
把某物保存得……
(2)preservation n．
保护，保存
in an excellent state of preservation 保存完好 ①Increased understanding in planning worldwide tourism can preserve the market for these companies.(2016·江西卷，D)
在规划全球旅游业方面更多地了解可以保护这些公司的市场。 ②The famous picture has been preserved as good as new.这幅名画保存得完好如初。 ③We should take measures to________ the environment________ pollution.
我们应该采取措施来保护环境免受污染。 答案 ③preserve；from 考点归纳拓展 基础知识通关
②That was the second time that I ________________ the Great Wall.
那是我第二次参观长城。
(2)由time构成的其它句型