2016年高考第二轮复习英语安徽版
七、情态动词和虚拟语气
真题试做
1．（2012·课标全国高考）I ______use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A．couldn't
B．mustn't
C．shouldn't
D．needn't
2．（2012·北京高考）Don't handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel.
A．is
B．were
C．has been
D．had been
3．（2012·北京高考）We ______ the difficulty together，but why didn't you tell me?
A．should face
B．might face
C．could have faced
D．must have faced
4．（2012·天津高考）It's quite warm here；we ______ turn the heating on yet.
A．couldn't
B．mustn't
C．needn't
D．wouldn't
5．（2012·天津高考）We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold ______ us a ride home.
A．didn't offer
B．wouldn't offer
C．hasn't offered
D．hadn't offered
考向分析
1．考查情态动词的基本意义和用法，特别是can，may，must，need，shall，should，had better，would rather等。要求把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，区别意义相近、用法类似的情态动词。
2．考查情态动词表示推测、允诺、请求、判断的用法，尤其是can，could，may，might，must表示推测的用法。要求准确把握说话者的语气，深刻体会说话者的情感态度，结合情景做出合理选择。
3．考查“情态动词＋have done”结构的用法。要求掌握该结构中不同的情态动词所表达的特殊意义。
4．考查虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。要求掌握与现在、过去、将来三个不同时间的事实相反的虚拟语气，以及省略if的虚拟倒装句。
5．考查虚拟语气在隐含的虚拟条件和错综时间条件句中的用法。要求识别由一些介词或连词提供的虚拟条件，明确主句和条件状语从句谓语所发生的不同时间。
6．考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法，注意在这些固定句型中谓语所使用的形式。
热点例析
考点一：can/could与be able to
1．can/could用来表示“一般能力”；be able to有更多种时态，且用来表示在特定条件下的“具体能力”。如：
My grandma is over seventy，but she can still read without glasses.
They will be able to tell you the news soon.
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
2．表示允许可用can或could，与may/might意义接近。could可用于现在时，只是语气更加委婉、客气，回答时则一般要用can而不用could。
—Could I have the television on?
—Yes，you can./ No，you can't.
【典例分析】（2012·全国高考）I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ______ find the money.
A．can
B．might
C．would
D．need
答案为A项。can意为“能够”；might意为“可能”；would意为“愿意”；need意为“需要”。句意：如果我能找到那笔钱，我打算和约翰一起去欧洲度假。
（2012·陕西高考）I ______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A．won't
B．can't
C．can
D．will
答案为B项。句意：我们不在家期间，你对我儿子的帮助我感激不尽。can not 或can never 与too much 连用表示“再……也不过分”。故选B项。
考点二：may与might
1．表示允许，意为“可以，许可”，用法基本上同can与could。如：
May I use your bicycle?
2．表示可能性，意为“也许，可能”。 如：
According to the weather forecast，it may rain tomorrow.
3．may可以放在句首，表示祝愿。如：
May good luck be yours!
【典例分析】（2012·四川高考）I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said “Ni Hao，”just as I______do in China.
A．must
B．might
C．can
D．should
答案为B项。must意为“必须，偏要”；might意为“可能”；can意为“能够，可以”；should意为“应该”。句意：我走得近些，听见了他们说汉语。因此我就像在中国可能打招呼的方式一样，说了声“你好”。
考点三：must与have to
1．must用来表示说话人的主观看法；have to表示客观的需要，强调外界压力，不得已而为之。 如：
He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
My brother was very ill，so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）
2．表示“不必”，须用don't have to或needn't。must的否定式表示“禁止，绝对不可”。 如：
You don't have to tell him about it.你不必告诉他那件事。
You mustn't tell him about it.你绝不能告诉他那件事。
— Must we do it now？我们必须现在做吗？
— No，you needn't.不，你们不必。
【典例分析】（2010·湖南高考）You ______ buy a gift，but you can if you want to.
A．must
B．mustn't
C．have to
D．don't have to
答案为D项。must和have to都有“必须”之意，但是must表示说话者的主观看法，have to表示客观需要。mustn't意为“禁止，不许”；don't have to意为“不需要，不必”。句意：你不需要买礼物，但是你想买的话也可以买。
考点四：shall
1．用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，用来征求对方的意见或请求指示。如：
What shall he do next？他下一步干什么呢？
2．用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思。如：
He shall stay in bed.他必须躺在床上。
You shall have it back next week.下周一定还你。
He says he won't go，but I say he shall.他说他不去，但我说他必须去。
【典例分析】（2012·辽宁高考）One of our rules is that every student ______ wear school uniform while at school.
A．might
B．could
C．shall
D．will
答案为C项。句意：我们有一项规定，每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。shall可用于第三人称的陈述句中，表示按照法律、条文、规定必须要做的事情，含有强制的意味。
考点五：will与would
1．will 用于各种人称，表示“意志、意愿”或“决心”等。如：
If you will keep your watch half an hour slow，it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.
如果你想要让你的表慢半个小时，你约会时迟到就不足为怪了。
2．will表示习惯性的动作，有“总是，惯于”的含义。如：
An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.英国人通常是会在街上给你指路的。
3．would可表示过去反复发生的动作。如：
On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.星期天他总是早起钓鱼去。
【典例分析】（2012·江苏高考）Days later，my brother called to say he was all right，but ______ say where he was.
A．mustn't
B．shouldn't
C．wouldn't
D．mightn't
答案为C项。mustn't意为“禁止；绝对不可”；shouldn't意为“不应该”；wouldn't意为“不愿意；不想；就是不”；mightn't意为 “可能不；也许不”。句意：几天后，我弟弟打电话说他很好，但是就是不说他在哪里。
考点六：should与ought to
1．should表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意。如：
You should learn from each other.
2．ought to表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事。如：
Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.
3．should和ought to也可用来表示推测，意为“想必会……”。如：
— When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon.
— They should be ready by 12：00.
【典例分析】What do you mean，there are only ten tickets？There ______ be twelve.
A．should
B．would
C．will
D．shall
答案为A项。由前句“你说什么，只有10张票？”可见说话者感到吃惊，由此判断下句说话的意思是“应该”有12张票。should表示“应该”，符合句意。
考点七：情态动词表示推测
1．肯定句中用must（一定，很可能），may（可能），might/could（也许，或许）表示推测。表示对当前行为、情况或状态的推测，用must/may/might/could＋do/be句型；表示对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测，用must/may/might/could＋be doing句型；表示对过去发生的事情的推测，用must/may/might/could＋have done/been句型。如：
I always meet him in the street.He must/may/might/could live quite near here.
There is still light in his room.He must/may/might/could be studying at this time.
I didn't hear the phone.I must have been asleep.
2．否定句中用can/could或may/might表示推测。如：
Though he is busy，he can't/may not refuse your invitation because you are good friends.
The room can't have been cleaned by Li Ping，because she left here half a year ago.
3．疑问句中常用can/could表示推测。如：
— Can he be English?
— No.He can't be English.He must be American.
The dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it?
【典例分析】（2011·江苏高考）—I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back！I mean，someone ______ it.
A．will have stolen
B．might have stolen
C．should have stolen
D．must have stolen
答案为B项。句意：——我把我的手提包掉在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人捡到后交给了一位铁路人员。——失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。will have done sth.为将来完成时；might have done sth.意为“有可能做过某事”，表示对过去的推测，语气较弱；should have done sth.意为“本应该做某事（而实际没做）”；must have done sth.意为“一定做过某事”，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，语气肯定。根据语境和语气判断应选B项，might have stolen表示“有可能偷了去”，语气比较婉转或不肯定。
考点八：“情态动词＋have done”结构
1．must have done sth.用来表示对过去的肯定推测。如：
Since the road is wet，it must have rained last night.
2．should/ought to have done sth.表示“（过去）本应该做某事（而实际上未做）”，一般含有责备的意味。如：
You should have come here a little earlier.
3．could have done sth.表示“（过去）本能够、本可以做某事（而实际上未做）”，一般也含有责备意味。如：
Given more time，he could have done it better.
4．need not have done sth.表示“（过去）本不必、无需做某事（而已做）”。如：
You needn't have come last night.
【典例分析】（2011·全国高考）They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A．will
B．can
C．must
D．should
答案为D项。should have done sth.意为“本该做某事（但实际上未做）”，符合句意。句意：他们本该在午饭的时候到达，但是他们的航班延误了。A项为将来完成时；B项的can不能用于肯定句中的推测；C项构成must have done结构，表示“一定做过某事”。
（2012·江西高考）We ______ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
A．may not
B．needn't
C．can't
D．mustn't
答案为B项。句意：既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚饭，我们原本不必买那么多食物。needn't have done表示原本不必要做某事，但事实上已经做了。
考点九：虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法
虚拟情况 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句
与现在事
实相反 过去式
（be用were） would/should/could/might do If he were here，he might be able to help.What would you do if you were in his place？
与过去事
实相反 had done would/should/could/might have done If I had started a little earlier，I would have caught the train.
I could have done it better if I had been more careful.
与将来事
实相反 过去式/
were to do/
should do would/should/could/might do If I were to do it，I would do it in a different way.
I would certainly go if I had time.
1．在具体运用中，条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构。如：
Had it not been for your help，we wouldn't have achieved so much.
2．介词without/but for、连词but、副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件。如：
I wouldn't have made such rapid progress without your help.
3．有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整。如：
If the weather had been more favourable，the crops would be growing still better.
【典例分析】（2012·湖南高考）Sorry，I am too busy now.If I ______ time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A．have had
B．had had
C．have
D．had
答案为D项。句意：很抱歉，我现在很忙。要是我有时间，一定会与你去远足的。根据句意可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句中谓语动词要用过去时。
（2012·安徽高考）Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she ______ there，she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
A．lives
B．would live
C．has lived
D．were to live
答案为D项。句意：格雷斯不想搬到纽约去，因为她认为如果她住在那儿的话，就不能经常见到父母了。由句意可知，这是对将来事情的虚拟，所以条件句中可以用过去式，were to do或should do的形式。
考点十：虚拟语气在名词从句中的用法
1．在wish后面的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，从句谓语向前推一个时态。如：
I failed in the exam.I really wish I had known the answers.
在it is wished that引导的主语从句以及名词wish后面的表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，谓语的形式同wish后面宾语从句的形式。如：
It is wished that man could fly freely in the sky.
注意：wish的时态和后面从句的时态无关。
2．在insist（坚决要求）/suggest（建议）/recommend/propose/order/demand/require/request等后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用（should）do的形式。如：
He suggested that we （should）start at once.
在it is suggested/proposed that引导的主语从句以及名词insistence/suggestion/proposal/order/demand等后面的表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，谓语的形式同这些名词相应的动词后面宾语从句的形式。如：
Their proposal is that their output （should）be increased by 20%.
3．在it is necessary/important/possible/strange/no wonder/a pity/a shame等后面的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用（should）do 的形式。如：
It is necessary that he （should）be sent there at once.
4．在it is time that后面的从句中用虚拟语气，谓语用过去式或should do的形式，should不可省略。
It is time that we went / should go to bed.
5．在as if/as though后面的从句中也常用虚拟语气。
She always talks to me as if she were my sister.
【典例分析】（2012·辽宁高考）Jack is a great talker.It's high time that he ______ something instead of just talking.
A．will do
B．has done
C．do
D．did
答案为D项。句意：杰克是个空谈家。到了他做点事而不是夸夸其谈的时候了。it is high time后面的从句中要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词多用一般过去时，或should do的形式，should 不能省略，故只有D项正确。
误区警示
1．情态动词基本用法的易错点
（2012·重庆高考）— ______ you interrupt now？Can't you see I'm on the phone?
— Sorry Sir，but it's urgent.
A．Can
B．Should
C．Must
D．Would
【错混透析】C must可表示与说话者主观愿望相反或表示一种不耐烦情绪，意为“偏要，偏偏”，根据语境可知说话者正忙着打电话，不满意对方的打搅，所以选C项。句意：——你现在偏要打搅我吗？难道你没看见我正在打电话吗？——对不起，先生。但是有急事。can表示“能够，可能”；should表示“应该”；would表示“将要，愿意”。均不合题意。
【解题指导】对于考查情态动词基本用法的题目，首先要掌握各选项的基本意义和用法，其次要注意结合情景特征，体会说话者的语气和态度，不要放过任何细节，利用有效信息，作出最佳选择。
2．情态动词表示推测的易错点
（2011·江西高考）It ______ be the postman at the door.It's only six o'clock.
A．mustn't
B．can't
C．won't
D．needn't
【错混透析】B mustn't“不许，不可以”，表示禁止；can't“不可能”；won't“将不会”；needn't“不需要”。后一句表明现在时间仅仅是六点，only一词肯定语气强烈，所以选B项表示否定的推测，这么早绝不可能是邮递员。
【解题指导】遇到考查情态动词表示推测的题目，可通过三步作出判断。首先看是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句。肯定句中一般用must/may/might；否定句和疑问句中一般用can/could。然后看是对什么时间的推测：表示对现在的推测用“情态动词＋do”，表示对过去的推测用“情态动词＋have done”。最后看句子语气的肯定程度，must（十分肯定）＞may（不太肯定）＞could/might（可能性较小）。
3．“情态动词＋have done”结构的易错点
（2012·山东东营高三二模）There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party.You ______ come，but why didn't you?
A．must have
B．should
C．need have
D．ought to have
【错混透析】D ought to have done表示本来应该做某事而实际没做，符合句意。should do表示现在应该做某事，与题中 at yesterday's party 表示的时间不一致。
【解题指导】“情态动词＋have done”结构是高考中经常考查的内容。要分清不同的情态动词所构成的结构表达不同的含义。
（1）must have done表示“过去一定做过某事”。
（2）may/might have done表示“过去也许做过某事”。
（3）should/ought to have done表示“过去本应该做某事（而实际上未做）”。
（4）could have done表示“（过去）本能够做某事（而实际上未做）”。
（5）need not have done表示“（过去）本不必、无需做某事（而已做）”。
4．隐含虚拟条件中虚拟语气的易错点
（2011·陕西高考）I ______ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A．couldn't have gone
B．didn't go
C．wouldn't go
D．hadn't gone
【错混透析】A 句意：“如果没有你们的慷慨相助，我不可能度过那段艰辛的岁月。”without...表示该句应用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，应用would/could/should/might＋have done，故选A项。
【解题指导】虚拟语气的题目有时并不出现if条件句，而是通过without/but for/or/otherwise等暗示虚拟的语境。
5．固定句型中虚拟语气的易错点
（2011·北京高考）—Where are the children？The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ______ always late.
A．weren't
B．hadn't been
C．wouldn't be
D．wouldn't have been
【错混透析】A wish后面的宾语从句中，与现在事实相反时，谓语用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时。题干中出现always，从句应使用一般过去时。
【解题指导】要想做好固定句型中虚拟语气的题目，既要熟记这些句型，又要记住不同的句型中虚拟语气的表达方式，即谓语用什么形式。
1．（2012·安徽名校联考五）—Haven't you returned the books to the school library?
—No，I ______，but I forgot.
A．should
B．must
C．should have
D．must have
2．（2012·合肥六中最后一卷）—______ he come to see you?
—I'd rather he ______ me the truth.
A．Will；inform
B．Can；spoke
C．Shall；will say
D．Shall；told
3．（2012·六安一中高三月考10）—Does your uncle still smoke?
—He ______ given it up.It's two years ever since he ______.
A．can't have；smoked
B．may have；smoked
C．should have；has smoked
D．should have；didn't smoke
4．（2012·滁州二中考前模拟）—When shall we meet your cousin at the station?
—His plane took off 2 hours ago，and it ______ arrive at 5pm.
A．could
B．should
C．must
D．can
5．（2012·天津一中月考）If you ______ be in the sunlight，use the strongest sun cream you can get.
A．will
B．must
C．can
D．may
6．—We did not see him at the lecture yesterday.
—You ______ him，since I went to an international conference with him.
A．mustn't have seen
B．can't have seen
C．couldn't see
D．needn't have seen
7．（2012·太原五中月考）He ______ the first place again，in which case，his mother will be more than happy.
A．can't win
B．would have won
C．might win
D．could have won
8．Why didn't you tell me there was no meeting today？I ______ all the way here through the heavy snow.
A．needn't have driven
B．can't have driven
C．mustn't have driven
D．shouldn't have driven
9．（2012·安庆一中高三模拟三）But for your timely help，I ______ the project as scheduled.
A．couldn't complete
B．couldn't have finished
C．can't have finished
D．can't finish
10．—The traffic is heavy now，so Mike ______ come late.
—Let's wait ten more minutes.
A．can
B．need
C．may
D．shall
11．—Why are you so depressed，Shelly?
—I lost the contest，or I ______ the award of 10,000 dollars.
A．had gained
B．would have gained
C．would gain
D．must have gained
12．—I'm worried about the sports meet.Do you think it will be postponed?
—If it ______ rain tomorrow，but actually the weather forecast has removed our worry.
A．could
B．would
C．might
D．should
13．（2012·吉林重点中学协作体适应性测试）So you have to leave.How nice it ______ if you ______ a bit longer!
A．would be；could stay
B．is；can stay
C．should be；stay
D．was；are able to stay
14．（2012·沈阳二中月考）______ the present unemployment continue，the society would face a more troublesome situation.
A．Would
B．Should
C．Might
D．Could
15．（2012·济南一模）I give him a piece of advice that he ______ a blue or grey suit to the interview.
A．wears
B．should wear
C．wore
D．will wear
七、情态动词和虚拟语气
命题调研·明晰考向
真题试做
1．D 考查情态动词。A项意为“不能够，不可以”；B项意为“禁止，绝对不可”；C项意为“不应该”；D项意为“不必，不需要”。根据句意判断应选D项，句意：我没有必要使用闹钟把我叫醒，因为每天早晨六点钟火车都要从我的房子旁边经过。
2．B 考查虚拟语气。as if 条件句用虚拟语气表示与现在的事实相反。句意：不要对待那个花瓶像它是由钢制成似的。
3．C 考查情态动词。句意：我们本可以一起面对困难的，但是你为什么不告诉我？ could have done sth “本可以做某事”；should do sth “应该做某事”；might do sth“可能做某事”，must have done sth“一定已做了某事”，表推测根据句意可知选C项。
4．C 考查情态动词。句意：这里现在很暖和，我们还没有必要打开供暖设备。couldn't “不能”；mustn't “禁止，不许”；needn't “不必”；wouldn't “不愿，不想”。
5．D 考查虚拟语气。句意：昨天，如果不是哈罗德让我们搭他的车回家，我们就叫辆出租车了。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句的谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
创新模拟·预测演练
1．C 考查情态动词。句意：——你还没有把书还给校图书馆吗？——是的，我本该还的，但是我忘了。should have done 表示过去本该做某事，而事实上未做，在承前省略时have 不能省，故选C项。
2．D 考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：——让他来见你吗？——我希望他能跟我说实话。shall 与第三人称连用表示征询意见；would rather 后的宾语从句中用过去时态表将来，故选D项。
3．B 考查情态动词。may have done 表示“可能已经做某事了”；第二空表示“他不吸烟有两年了”，此句型中用延续性动词表示动作停止。
4．B 考查情态动词。 句意：他的飞机两小时前起飞的，想必下午5点能到。表示推测时，can和could 一般用于否定句和疑问句中；must表示“一定会”；should表示“理应……，想必会……”，根据句意，应选B项。
5．B 句意：如果你一定要待在阳光底下，尽可能使用最有效的防晒霜。must在这里表示主张，意思是“一定要，坚持要”。
6．B 根据句意可知，这是对过去的事情进行推测。针对过去有把握的肯定推测用must have done，而对过去有把握的否定推测则用can't/couldn't have done，所以答案为B项。
7．C 根据句意可知，如果他能赢得第一名的好成绩的话，他的妈妈将会非常高兴。句中“in which case”提示，能否赢得一等奖还是未知数，且表示将来的行为，所以应该用might，答案为C项。
8．A 根据句意可知，说话人没有被通知今天没有会议，还是冒雪赶来，所以应该用needn't have done的形式，表示“本没必要做某事（却做了）”。
9．B 考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：要是没有你及时的帮助，我就不可能按时完成这个工程。couldn't have done sth.表示过去本不可能做到某事（而实际做到了）。
10．C 句意：——现在交通繁忙，所以迈克可能会迟到。——那让我们再等10分钟吧。此处may表示“（有可能但不肯定）也许，可能”；can表示“能够”；need表示“需要”；shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示“警告、命令、威胁”等语气。因此选C项。
11．B 根据答语可知，说话人输掉了比赛，这是针对过去的虚拟语气，所以主句的谓语部分应该是“would/could/should/might＋have done” 的形式构成，所以答案为B项。
12．D 根据答语中的后半句可知，天气预报消除了天气不好带来的顾虑，所以if引导的从句是针对将来的虚拟，从句谓语部分应该用动词过去式或should/were to＋动词原形构成，答案为D项。
13．A 句意：这么说你得离开了。要是你能多待会儿那该多好啊！从第一句可知，对方不能再待下去了，所以后边应用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句谓语用过去时，而主句谓语则用would/could/might/should＋动词原形构成。由此可知答案为A项。
14．B 句意：如果目前的失业状态持续下去的话，整个社会将会面临更麻烦的状况。针对将来的虚拟语气，如果将从句中的if省略，则可以提前should或were，答案为B项。
15．B 表示建议、命令、要求的suggestion，proposal，advice，order，request等名词后面接同位语从句、表语从句、主语从句时，从句通常使用虚拟语气，谓语用（should） do的形式。