对于一个具有一定英语水平的人来说,谙熟其修辞方式,不仅有助于辨别该语言的各种修辞现象,了解修辞运用的规律,从而提高分析语言表现技巧的能力,而且还可以有力提高准确、有效地运用语言的能力。
一、比喻(the figures of speech)
比喻是语言艺术的升华,是最富有诗意的语言形式之一,是语言的信息功能和美学功能的有机结合。英语中常见的比喻有三类:明喻、隐喻和转喻。
1.明喻(the simile)
明喻通常是把被比喻的本体和用以比喻的喻体同时说出,说明本体事物象喻体事物,用介词like ,连词as,as if,asso,动词seem等以及句型A to B as Cto D等等表示好像意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。
人们往往有这样的错觉,认为比喻修辞只适用于文学类的各种文体,而非文学类论著,如科技之类应用文 体,为了表达的正确性、严密性与科学性,是排斥比喻的。事实上,在英语的科技类的论著中,为了把描述的事物说得具体化、形象化,把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,也经常使用比喻。例如:
(1)Bacteria are so small that a single round one of acommon type is about 1/25,000 of an inch across when these bacteria are magnified 1,000 times, they look only as large as a pencil point. 细菌是这样小,一种普通类型的圆形细菌直径大约只有1/25,000英寸。这种细菌放大一千倍看起来也只有铅笔尖那么大。
(2)There now exists a kind of glass so sensitive to light that, like photographic film, it will record pictures and designs. 现在有一种对光十分敏感的玻璃,它像胶卷一样能记录图像和图案。
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