考研英语考前写作必备手册第五章（二）

　　一. 主题句作文

　　范文 1

　　Title: Dictionary

　　The dictionary is a living teacher.

　　Skills will develop with your constant use of various dictionaries.

　　But you should have one thing in mind.

　　Dictionary

　　The dictionary is living teacher. Whenever you come across a new word, just consult it and you

　　will get a clear definition from it. Every student, no matter attending school or self-taught, should

　　always have a dictionary at hand. As a study aid, it is convenient, inexpensive and all knowing.

　　Skills will develop with your constant use of various dictionaries The more you use them, the

　　more familiar you will become with them. Sooner or later, you will be quite skilled in finding the

　　page, scanning the entries and locating the exact meaning of the new words.

　　But you should have one thing mind. As a language student, you should never depend too much

　　on dictionaries. Basic language skills do not come from dictionaries, but from your practice. For

　　some extensive reading, for example, you need not account to a dictionary every time you

　　encounter a new word, you could just guess the meaning and skip it. Learn the language by

　　listening, speaking, reading and writing more, and that is the only way to the mastery of a

　　language.

　　译文

　　字典

　　字典是一个活老师。当你遇到新的单词时，可以查字典你会找到非常清楚的定义。不论是在

　　校学习还是自学，每个学生都应该手头准备一本字典。作为一个学习工具，字典非常方便、

　　便宜而且知识全面。

　　经常使用各种字典你的查字典能力就能够提高。用的次数越多，你就会越熟练。你会非常熟

　　练地找到需要的页面，浏览目录并快速找到你需要的字。

　　但是你需要记住一件事情。 作为学语言的学生， 不能太依赖字典。 语言技能不是从字典中来，

　　而是通过不断的练习。 比如在泛读时，你不需要一遇到生词就查字典而是通过猜测它的意思

　　并跳过它。通过听说读写的练习来学习语言，只有这样你才能真正掌握一门语言。

　　范文 2

　　Directions:

　　Title: Help Children to Be Independent

　　The topic sentence is provided as follows:

　　Today in China, many families have only one child.

　　There are some ways to help children to be independent.

　　To be independent is good for the children

　　You should write 160-200 words.

　　Help Children to Be Independent

　　Today in China, many families have only one child. So the children usually doted upon by all

　　family members. Gradually some of them get used to depending on their parents and lack the

　　ability to solve problems independently.

　　There are some ways to help children to be independent. Firstly, the child should have a chance to

　　see the world around him. He must understand that there re various competitions in this world,

　　and everyone can find his right position in the society only by individual efforts. Secondly, the

　　parents should give the child enough help to make him feel comfortable. It s impossible to ask a

　　child not to depend on parents at once. A child needs help from the beginning. Without any help,

　　the child may lose his faith. Thirdly, parents should let his child make decisions, which can temper

　　his ability to deal with problems. A child should be praised when he is successful or when he fails.

　　To be independent is good for the children, because no parents can accompany the children for the

　　whole life. It is the child himself who is responsible for her own fate. Only an independent person

　　can live and succeed in this world.

　　译文

　　帮助孩子独立起来

　　现今的中国，很多家庭都是独生子女家庭。所以孩子受到了所有家庭成员的宠爱。渐渐地他

　　们习惯了依赖父母，缺乏了独立解决问题的能力。

　　有一些方法可以帮助孩子独立起来。第一，孩子应该有机会认识身边的世界。他必须知道世

　　界上有各种各样的竞争，只有通过个人的努力才能找到自己的位置。第二，父母应该给他们

　　提供帮助。开始的时候孩子都需要帮助，离开了父母的帮助他们会失去方向。第三，父母应

　　该让孩子做决定，以此来锻炼他们处理问题的能力。当孩子成功或失败时他们都需要鼓励。

　　独立对于孩子是有利的。因为父母不能陪伴他们一辈子。他们要对自己的命运负责。只有独

　　立的人才能够在这世界生存并取得成功。

　　二. 提纲作文

　　范文 1

　　Directions:

　　A. Title: Only Stricter Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents

　　B. Word Limit: 160-200 words

　　C.Your composition should be based on the Outline given below:

　　1. every day, thousands of people died from traffic accident in the world.

　　2. a.Drivers pay no attention to their driving behavior.

　　b.the whole society indulgent towards the peace breaker, too much traffic in both the city and the

　　countryside.

　　3.make laws and regulations to prevent accidents.

　　Only Stricter Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents

　　Though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day

　　we cites the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor

　　car! It is a never ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people in the world are

　　killed or horribly mutilated each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.

　　It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes

　　the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor car often brings out a man s

　　very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable

　　when they are behind a steering wheel. They are ill mannered and aggressive, willful as two

　　year olds and utterly selfish.

　　The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone

　　his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost

　　uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the

　　mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.

　　It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With

　　regard to driving, laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict

　　enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have dramatically beneficial effect on

　　the accident rate.

　　译文

　　只有制定更严格的法律才能防止事故发生

　　尽管现在幸福和长寿比以前更容易得到， 但每天却有很多人丧身车轮。人和车的冲突永无止

　　境，人却是受害者。世界上每年都有成千上万的人死于车祸，我们再也不能坐视不管。

　　有一种说法我认为是对的，每当人们手握方向盘的时候，他们的个性就显露出来了。勿容置

　　疑汽车将人们的恶性显露出来。 平时安静的人一开车马上变得让人认不出。 他们变得具有攻

　　击性，极度自私，像两岁孩子一样任性。

　　令人惊奇的是人们对于肇事者的态度十分纵容。为他们提供了各种便利条件。由于严重的交

　　通拥挤，城市几乎变得不适合认居住。乡村也被各种公路网所污染。大量的交通死亡人数也

　　只不过是一些数字，被人们所遗忘。

　　我们必须要建立一种世界制度来制止这种对生命的扼杀。一些国家关于驾驶的法律太松懈，

　　甚至最严酷的法律也是那么无力。被普遍接受的世界制度对于降低事故率只会有利。

　　范文 2

　　There is a heated discussion on air conditioner price battle in a newspaper.

　　Write an essay to the newspaper

　　1) giving a brief introduction to the issue.

　　2) stating your view about the price battle , and

　　3) justifying your prediction.

　　You should write 160-200 words.

　　With the rapid advances in the living standard of the Chinese people in recent years, air

　　conditioners have joined other household electrical appliances as items in great demand. However,

　　output has far exceeded supply, as manufacturers have scrambled for sales in this profitable

　　market. As a result, fierce competition has driven them to resort to all sorts of measures to pull

　　ahead of their rivals and avoid going bankrupt.

　　These measures include aggressive advertising campaigns, offering a free gift with every purchase

　　of an air conditioner, and most important of all, lowering prices. Price wars are a common

　　phenomenon whenever supply outstrips demand in a free market economy, and China s

　　newly liberalized economy is no exception. Nevertheless, I do not think we will see a repeat of the

　　recent price war in the air conditioner market in the future

　　I have three reasons for my prediction. The first is that the earlier round of price cutting

　　eliminated the less efficient manufacturers from the industry; so there are fewer companies

　　supplying the market. The second is that the government has taken measures to regulate the air

　　conditioner market, eliminating the chaos that price wars entail. And the third is that with China

　　s admission to the WTO, manufacturers will have to offer more attractive-not cheaper-products.

　　译文

　　随着近年来中国人民生活水平的快速提高，空调也同其他家用电器一样有了广大的市场。但

　　是，产量远远超过了需求量，制造商只能在这一领域种挣扎。结果，激烈的竞争使得各个制

　　造商采取了各种措施超过其竞争者而使自己免于破产。

　　这些措施包括大规模的广告，提供免费礼物，当然最重要的是降价。在供大于求的自由市场

　　条件下，价格战是非常普遍的。中国也不例外。然而，我认为将来这种空调价格战不会再重

　　演。

　　我有三个理由。第一，首轮的竞争已经淘汰了那些效率低下的制造商。所以市场上的供应将

　　减少。第二，政府已经采取了措施来规范空调市场，消除了价格战的混乱。第三，中国加入

　　WTO 后，制造商只能靠提供更好的而不是最便宜的商品来赢得市场。

　　三. 规定情景作文

　　范文 1

　　Directions: In the past people thought that education was only for young people. But now it is

　　believed that education is for a life long progress. Do you agree or disagree?

　　You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with

　　examples and relevant evidence.

　　You should write 160-200 words.

　　Education is an indispensable part in one s life. It illuminates human knowledge and culture,

　　improving the development of science and technology. In my point of view, education is not only

　　for young people, it should be proceeding in people s whole life.

　　For one reason, our society is developing at an amazing speed along with the improvement of

　　science and technology. If people stop studying after graduation from university, they can not keep

　　pace with the steps of social development and easy to be eliminated in the fierce competition. Take

　　the IT as an example. The amount of information is increasing in a speed dozens of times faster

　　than before. If a person does not learn the latest knowledge they would not be able to develop new

　　technology and products. Therefore, a person should take a life long learning.

　　As the saying goes, never too old to learn. To keep up with the development of world, a person

　　must study during his whole life. Otherwise, he will lag far behind the others.

　　译文

　　在人的一生中教育是不可分割的一部分。它承载了知识和文明，促进了科学技术的进步。在

　　我看来，教育不尽属于年经人，而是一个一生的过程。

　　其中一个原因就是随着科学技术的不断进步，社会发展的速度也是惊人的。 如果大学毕业后

　　就停止学习，人们很难跟上社会发展的脚步，很容易在激烈的竞争中被淘汰。比如说 IT 技

　　术。信息正在以以前几倍的速度增长。如果人们不学习最新的知识他们就不能发展新技术和

　　产品。因此，人们应该终身学习。

　　正如谚语所说活到老学到老。为了跟随世界的脚步，人们必须终生学习，否则他们将落

　　于人后。

　　范文 2

　　Directions: Nowadays, young people tend to rush into independence. Many of them leave home to

　　study or work while still in their teens. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. You

　　should write 160-200 words.

　　It is very common for young people to rush into independence. Especially, many teenagers leave

　　home to study or work on their own. I am of the opinion that this new trend has both advantages

　　and disadvantages.

　　It goes without saying that earlier independence helps young people to better understand the

　　people around them and the world as a whole. They can gather more valuable social experience

　　for their future life and career. Moreover, living on their own enable the young people to face and

　　overcome difficulties by themselves.

　　However, every coins has two sides, we cannot turn a blind eye to the unavoidable disadvantages

　　of early independence. On one hand, people in their teens are still immature. They need proper

　　protection to all the temptations and evils of society. On the other hand, they are inclined to allot

　　their time and energy inappropriately, for they may have to spend the lion s share of their time

　　earning their own living.

　　To sum up, young people should think the advantages and disadvantages of early independence

　　seriously before making the decision to leave home and face life s challenges alone.

　　译文

　　现在年经人很早就开始追求独立了。特别是许多十几岁的青少年离开家独自在外学习和工

　　作。我认为这种新的趋势既有利也有弊。

　　毫无疑问，早期的独立有利于年经人更好地理解周围的人和事。他们可以积累更多未来生活

　　和工作非常宝贵的经验。而且，独立生活使得年经人可以独立面对和克服困难。

　　但是任何事情都有两方面，我们不能忽视早期独立不可避免的弊端。一方面，人在十几岁的

　　时候一般还不成熟。面对社会上的各种诱惑和邪恶，他们需要适当的保护。另一方面，由于

　　这些孩子年龄小，他们也不能合理地利用自己的时间。

　　总之，年经在决定离开家独自面对生活的挑战时应该慎重考虑早期独立的利与弊。

　　四. 图表作文

　　范文 1

　　Directions:

　　Study the following graph carefully and write an essay in which you should

　　1) Interpret the graph.

　　2) Give your comments.

　　You should write 160-200 words neatly.

　　图表

　　What Jobs Do College Graduates Want To Do

　　College students have a clear idea about their future occupation and boys are to some extent

　　different from girls in their choice as is seen from the graph.

　　The most striking contrast is in the occupation of teaching: 45% of girl students would like to

　　become teachers after graduation whereas only 5% of boys want to do this job. What boys like to

　　do most is to become managers and the second largest group is to be businessmen .

　　Girls also like to pursue these two professions, with a percentage of 15% and 25% respectively

　　choosing these two jobs. 15% of boys want to become lawyers while 10% of girls preferring this

　　profession.

　　Teaching is preferred by females as it provides a more regular and purer life. Women s patience

　　also fits the job well. Boys consider working as scientists, managers, businessmen and lawyers

　　more demanding and stimulating, so more boys want to show their talents in these fields. One

　　thing worthy of note is that the numbers of girls wanting to do business is not small. This shows

　　that girls also want to do the challenging and exciting jobs.

　　译文

　　大学生对于未来职业有很清楚的想法，从上表中可以看出男生和女生在一定程度上有所不

　　同。

　　最大的区别是在对教师职业的选择：45%的女生愿意在毕业后从事教师职业，而只有 5%的

　　男生愿意从事这一职业。男生最喜欢的职业是管理人员(40%)，其次是生意人(30%)。女

　　生也非常喜欢这两种职业，比例分别为为管理人员(15%)，生意人(25%)。有 15%男生

　　和 10%女生毕业后愿意从事律师职业。

　　女生之所以选择教师职业，是因为这一职业更加稳定和单纯。女性的耐心也非常适合这个职

　　业。男生认为科学家、管理人员、生意人和律师更加高要求和刺激，所以更多男生愿意在这

　　些方面展示他们的才华。值得一提的是女生选择生意人的比例很高。这显示了女生也愿意做

　　有挑战和刺激的工作。

　　范文 2

　　Directions: the table below shows the information about the metro system in six cities. Write a

　　descriptive essay. You should write 160-200 words.

　　LondonParisTokyoWashingtonLos AngelBeijing

　　Year186318871904189520011980

　　Capacity

　　5481,0781,4347098845

　　Distance110054614911412350

　　The above table describes the situation regarding underground transportation in London, Paris,

　　Tokyo, Washington, Los Angel, and Beijing. The major cities founded their subway system in the

　　20th century, which was in Tokyo, Washington, and Paris. London firstly completed its

　　underground work and began to operate in 1863. The latest time that Los Angel had had its

　　subway was after 139 years.

　　London has the longest underground railway distance, which is almost a time than Paris. Tokyo,

　　Washington and Los Angel have similar datum which are 149, 114 and 123 kilometer respectively.

　　Beijing only contains 50 kilometers of route length.

　　Though the longest route is London, the most carrying capacity is Tokyo s subway system. It

　　carried about 1434 million passengers each year, while 548 million people in London at the same

　　time. The figures in Washington are not achieved 100, only 70 each year. Beijing only carries 45

　　million people which is the lowest carrying capacity in all cities.

　　译文

　　上面的表格描述了伦敦、巴黎、 东京、 华盛顿、洛杉矶和北京这六个城市的地下铁交通情况。

　　东京、华盛顿、伦敦这些大城市在 20 世纪就完成了地铁的建造。伦敦的地铁最早完工，并

　　于 1863 年开始运行。最近的洛杉矶是在 139 年后才有了地铁。

　　伦敦的地铁线最长，几乎是巴黎的 2 倍。东京、华盛顿和洛杉矶的地铁长度差不多，分别为

　　149 公里、114公里和 123 公里。北京的地铁的长度只有 50 公里。

　　尽管伦敦的地铁线最长， 但是东京地铁的载客量却是最大的。 东京地铁每年的载客量为 1434

　　亿人，而伦敦仅 548 亿。华盛顿的载客量还没有达到100 亿，只有 70 亿。北京地铁的载客

　　量只有 45 亿，在所有城市中最低。

　　五. 图画作文

　　范文 1

　　Directions:

　　How can we meet the needs of today without diminishing the capacity of future generations

　　to meet theirs? Sustainable development implies a broad view of human welfare, a long term

　　perspective about social development. Write an essay which should cover:

　　1) describing the set of drawings below,

　　2) stating its main idea, and

　　3) giving your comment.

　　You should write about 160-200 words.

　　As can be seen from the above drawings, the father has planted a small tree that grows into a

　　big one andis left to his son to enjoy. Years later, his son sits under the big tree enjoying its shade.

　　In social development, we should not over utilize our natural resources, as in the case of

　　forests. A reasonable use of forests and reforestation are the best choices in the long run. Human

　　beings should plan ahead when it comes to social development. Even though trees are in short

　　demand today, we must still keep the deforestation under control, for we do not want to eliminate

　　all of our forests, which are essential to our existence. Reforestation is another wise practice. We

　　may not fully benefit from planting trees for the time being, but we must continue doing so, since

　　it will benefit later generations.

　　From the point of view of sustainable development, we have the responsibility to ensure that

　　future generations have enough natural resources to use and are not penalized for the

　　shortsightedness of present day decision makers. In other words, we should not use up our natural

　　resources just to meet our own present day needs, while ignoring the future of our planet.

　　译文

　　画中可见， 一位父亲种了一棵小树， 这棵小树将长成参天大树， 他的儿子将会从中受益。

　　多年以后，他的儿子坐在树下享受着大树带来的阴凉。

　　在社会发展中，我们不能过度使用自然资源，比如说森林资源。从长远来说对森林的合

　　理利用和植树造林是最好的选择。人类应当为社会发展做长远的打算。尽管木材在当今社会

　　十分短缺，我们也必须控制滥砍滥伐，因为我们不愿看到森林这一人类赖以生存的基础被彻

　　底用尽。植树造林无疑是又一项英明的举措。我们也许暂时不能够充分享受植树给我们带来

　　的益处，但是我们必须继续将这一举措坚持下去，因为它会使我们的后代受益。

　　从可持续发展的角度来看， 我们有责任来保障后代有丰富的自然资源可利用，并且不会

　　使他们因今天决策者的目光短浅而受到惩罚。换句话说，我们不应该仅为满足我们自己当前

　　的需要而用尽所有的自然资源，忽视我们后代的需求。

　　范文 2

　　Directions: Study the following set of cartoons carefully and write an essay in which you should

　　1) describe the cartoons,

　　2) interpret its meaning, and

　　3) point out its implications in our life.

　　You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

　　In the above cartoons, a young woman happily eats bananas and casually discards the peels on the

　　street, unaware of the fact that such actions not only pollute the environment but also pose a

　　danger to others. In the next illustration a disabled man struggles to properly dispose of the trash

　　she has left behind.

　　Being well dressed is of great importance in keeping a good appearance. The way a person is

　　dressed helps him to have a good appearance, which conveys his confidence and attitudes towards

　　life. However, we should always bear this in mind: don t judge a person by his appearance. One

　　s confidence and good impression on others does not usually develop from the way one dresses

　　or looks, but the inner qualities one possesses. Because of this, the old man is displaying a more

　　beautiful virtue even though he is disabled and somewhat ugly physically compared with the

　　young girl.

　　No doubt beauty usually refers to what appeals to the eyes. A nice, pretty girl is regarded as

　　beautiful. A bunch of vigorous flowers are also considered as beautiful. A splendid waterfall

　　coming down from a mountain is as well looked upon as beautiful. However, beauty also refers to

　　what appeals to the mind. The virtues of the Chinese people are regarded as beautiful, because

　　they have helped to produce such a magnificent culture in the world. In a word, we should not

　　only pay attention to our physical appearance, but also improve our heart and soul.

　　译文

　　漫画中描绘了一个穿着入时的女孩把香蕉皮随手丢弃在地上，而不是把它放入垃圾桶

　　内。之后，一位年长的残疾人把它拾起放入了垃圾桶。穿着漂亮固然能够展现美丽的外表。

　　一个人的穿着方式有助于其拥有漂亮的外表，这体现了一个人对生活的信心和态度。然而，

　　我们应该始终记住这样的原则： 不以貌取人。一个人的自信和良好的形象往往不只在于她的

　　长相和穿着，而在于她的内在品质。正因如此，这位拥有高尚道德的长者看起来要比这位时

　　髦女孩更加美丽，尽管他有残疾而他的外表也比不上这位年轻的女孩。

　　毫无疑问，美丽是指那些吸引人们目光的东西。一个漂亮迷人的女孩是美丽，一束盛开

　　的鲜花同样是美丽，一个壮观的瀑布从山上飞流直下也是美丽。然而，美丽还指那些能够吸

　　引人们思想的东西。中华民族的传统美德是美丽，因为正是这样的美德才孕育了世界上如此

　　灿烂的文化。 一言以蔽之，我们不仅要只注意自己的外表，同时也要使我们的心灵得到升

　　华。