When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sport is much older than humankind, for , as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fishes and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, transgenerational and transspecies bonds with the universe of animals - past, present, and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh to the point of delighted exhaustion. Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently, to remove us temporarily from the anguish of life in earnest.
Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conceptions, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release from the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that the origins of our highest accomplishments ---- liturgy, literature, and law ---- can be traced to a play impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, nonfatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the nondatable, transspecies play impulse.
新人教版英语九年《Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark》ppt课件1
新人教版英语九年《Unit 12 You’re supposed to shake hands》(Self check)ppt课件
新人教版英语九年《Unit 5 It must belong to Carla》(Period 1)ppt课件
新人教版英语九年《Unit 14 Have you packed yet》ppt课件
人教新目标版九年级《Unit 1 How do you study for a test》ppt课件
新人教版英语九年《Unit 4 What would you do》ppt课件2
新人教版英语九年《Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are》(reading)ppt课件
新人教版英语九年《Unit 4 What would you do》ppt课件A
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新人教版英语九年《Unit 4 What would you do》(Reading)ppt课件
新人教版英语九年《Unit 4 What would you do》ppt课件B
人教新目标版九年级《Unit 1 How do you study for a test》ppt课件(二)
新人教版英语九年《Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes》ppt课件
新人教版英语九年《Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes》ppt课件A
新人教版英语九年《Unit 14 Have you packed yet》ppt课件1
人教新目标版九年级《Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes》ppt课件(一)
新人教版英语九年《Unit 15 We’re trying to save the manatees》(SectionB)ppt课件
人教新目标版九年级《Unit 5 It must belong to Carla》ppt课件(二)
新人教版英语九年《Unit 9 When was it invented》ppt课件A
新人教版英语九年《Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes》ppt课件1
人教新目标版九年级《Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.》ppt课件
新人教版英语九年《Unit 12 You’re supposed to shake hands》(SectionA)ppt课件
新人教版英语九年《Unit 13 Rainy days make me sad》ppt课件.ppt
人教新目标版九年级《Unit 4 What would you do》ppt课件(一)
新人教版英语九年《Unit 4 What would you do》(SectionA)ppt课件
新人教版英语九年《Unit 4 What would you do》ppt课件3
人教新目标版九年级《Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark》ppt课件包(含声音素材)(一)
新人教版英语九年《Unit 13 Rainy days make me sad》(Period 1)ppt课件
新人教版英语九年《Unit 12 You’re supposed to shake hands》(reading)ppt课件
新人教版英语九年《Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes》ppt课件B