实用英语写作技巧大全（12）组织段落

　　第十二单元 组织段落方法时间顺序法和空间顺序法

　　组织段落的常见方法有：1)时间顺序;2)空间顺序;3)重要性顺序和;4)熟悉度顺序。在前几单元，我们曾提到写叙述段落和过程分析时用时间顺序，写描述段落时用空间顺序。在这一单元里，我们将着重讨论这两种组织方法。另两种方法重要性和熟悉度顺序将在第19单元讨论。

　　12.1时间顺序法

　　段落内组织细节的最简单最常见的方法是时间顺序法(time order organization)。时间顺序通常用于叙述和过程分析先发生什么，然后怎样，再然后怎样，等等。正如我们在示范段落9-1和示范段落11-1所看到的一样。其实在你的生活中你经常运用这种方法。你也许曾经告诉你父母在学校里发生的事情。你也许向老师或同学叙述过你是怎样做一个实验的。这些用的都是时间顺序。

　　12.2关于如何写时间顺序段落的建议

　　1)写下你要记录的事件或步骤，然后按照时间顺序排列

　　2)确定你的写作目的，然后写出带有中心思想的主题句

　　3)从你列举的事件或步骤中删除与中心思想无关的细节

　　4)使用first，then，the next step等等列举符号把细节连接起来

　　12.3空间顺序法

　　段落组织的另一方法是空间顺序法(space order organization)。空间顺序主要用于描述，正如我们在示范段落10-1和示范段落10-2所看到的。空间顺序和时间顺序一样，是生活中经常使用的方法。你也许曾在信中向你父母描述你的学院，或向你的同学描述一个风景区。

　　12.4关于如何写空间顺序段落的建议

　　按照你想让你的读者了解你要描绘的场面的方式移动例如，从左到右，或从背景到前景，或按顺时针方向，等等。

　　12.5综合运用空间顺序和时间顺序

　　有时候，尤其在描写参观时，有必要同时运用空间顺序和时间顺序，以增强段落的统一性。

　　示范段落12-1

　　We enjoyed our visit to Dr Hassans house，perched high up on a hill.Walking up the long driveway，we approached the huge bronze door.A butler was standing in the open doorway，ushering guests into the house.Going in，we passed the oak-pannelled library and the formal dining room before we arrived at the ballroom，where the reception was being held.Under three sparkling chandeliers，more than a hundred people were enjoying champagne，hors doeuvres and good conversation.

　　12.6示范段落分析

　　主题句：We enjoyed our visit to Dr Hassans house.

　　时间空间顺序：drivewaydoorhouselibrarydiningroomballroom

　　Exercise 12-1

　　Directions：Arrange the sentences into a paragraph，using the time order and adding the necessary listing signals.

　　She never had a birthday party and she was twenty-one year sold.

　　The party was really a successful one.

　　We planned to serve fruit punch and coffee.

　　We planned entertainment.

　　We carefully made a guest list.

　　We planned a surprise party for Mary recently.

　　We included many of her friends from school，a few of her friends from her neighbourhood，and all of her brothers and sisters.

　　A boy did mayic tricks skillfully;another boy played the guitar well.

　　We also wanted chicken sandwiches，a birthday cake with twenty-one candles，and ice cream.

　　We especially enjoyed the group singing.

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　　Exercise 12-2

　　Directions：Narrate an incident from your own childhood in which you behave in a way you later regretted，using time order.

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　　Exercise 12-3

　　Directions：Narrate one of your trip，either by bike，by bus or bytrain，combining time order and space order.