任何语言都有语体之分,有高雅的、通俗的、粗野 的,还有俚语、公文用语及术语等。文学作品中,作家通过不同的语体来刻画人物的性格特征,更是常用的方法。翻译时,必须审其雅俗,量其轻重,这样,才能恰如其分地表达原文的精神。
词义有感情色彩和语体色彩的不同。如死就有许多委婉的说法:
to expire 逝世 to pass away 与世长辞
to close ones day 寿终 to breathe ones last 断气
to go west 归西天 to pay the debt of nature 了结尘缘
to depart to the world of shadows 命归黄泉 to give up the ghost 见阎王
to kick the bucket 翘辫子 to kick up ones heels 蹬腿
又如怀孕也有许多委婉的说法:
She is having a baby. She is expecting.
She is in the family way. She is knitting little booties.
She is in a delicate condition. She is in an interesting condition.
又如警察:
policeman 正式用语 cop 美国口语
bobby 英国口语 nab 美国俚语
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Slap in the face