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[00:01.59]第53课
[00:03.19]Television Day:Penicillin
[00:05.81]电视日:青霉素
[00:08.44]If you leave a piece of bread in a warm damp place mould will soon grow on it.
[00:12.26]如果你把一片面包放在温暖潮湿的地方,上面很快会长上霉菌.
[00:16.09]When this happens,we say that bread "has gone mouldy".
[00:18.77]这种情况发生时我们说那面包"发霉"了.
[00:21.45]Mould can grow on all kinds of things besides food--
[00:24.18]除食品以外,所有东西上也都会长霉菌--
[00:26.91]on leather,clothing,even on wood.
[00:29.48]皮革、衣服,乃至木头.
[00:32.05]It grows from tiny spores which are in the air.
[00:34.64]它是从空气中的微孢里长出来的.
[00:37.22]Each spore is like a little mushroom.
[00:39.39]每个孢就像个小蘑菇.
[00:41.56]If the conditions are right,
[00:43.25]如果条件适宜,
[00:44.93]a single spore can quickly spread and form a mould.
[00:47.56]一个孢就能很快长成一个霉菌.
[00:50.18]It is extremely common and we have all noticed it.
[00:53.05]这是极寻常的事,我们都见过.
[00:55.93]In 1928,Sir Alexander Fleming found that
[00:58.85]1928年,亚历山大.弗莱明爵士发现
[01:01.78]mould had killed some germs he was trying to grow in his laboratory
[01:04.76]霉菌杀死了他在实验室培植的某些细菌.
[01:07.74]If he had not noticed this
[01:09.56]如果他没有发现这一现象的话,
[01:11.39]the world would have lost one of the greatest discoveries of the century.
[01:14.27]世界就失去了本世纪内最伟大的发现之一.
[01:17.14]Fleming called the substance "penicillin"
[01:19.31]弗莱明把这一物质叫做"青霉素".
[01:21.48]Because penicillin can kill germs,doctors use it to treat diseases.
[01:25.05]青霉素能杀菌,所以医生用它治病.
[01:28.63]It has saved millions of lives.
[01:30.61]它拯救了几百万人的生命
[01:32.58]Scientists grow enormous quantities of common mould
[01:35.41]科学家培植大量的普通霉菌
[01:38.25]so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics,
[01:41.37]从中提取青霉素生产出抗生素,
[01:44.49]that is,substances that kill germs.
[01:47.02]即杀菌物质.
[01:49.56]Next time you see some mould on a piece of bread,
[01:51.88]下次你要是看见面包上的霉菌,
[01:54.21]remember that it is one of man's greatest friends!
[01:56.73]记住它可是人类最好的朋友之一呢!