first,firstly
这两个词的意义很近似,又都有首先、第一之意,但使用场合不尽一致。
First的使用范围较大,可以作名词、形容词和副词,有时还可以代替firstly使用;firstly的运用范围较小,只能作副词,用于列举事实或理由的场合。
汉语里的首先、第一,在英语中是firstly、first of all、in the first place或干脆说first;但汉语中的最后一点,英语里却不说last,而是说lastly或last of all,这是应当记住的。
下面是first和firstly通用的例句:
First(or Firstly),we dice the pork and marinate it and,second (or secondly),we prepare the dough for the pie.
首先,把猪肉切成肉丁并加醃料;其次是预备做馅饼的麦粉。
但在下列场合里,first却不可以和firstly替换使用:
We first(不能用firstly)go to Shenzhen,and then to Beijing.
我们先到深圳,然后上北京。
He who would eat the nut must first(不能用firstly)crack the shell.
要吃核果,必须先破壳。
下面是first作名词和形容词的例句:
The first of May is International Labour Day.
五月一日是国际劳动节。
The first question is whether the Government is willing to improve elementary education.
第一个问题是:政府是否愿意改造小学教育。
通过上列的一些例句,我们可以看到,firstly只能用作副词,并只能用于列举事物和理由的场合。在现代英语中,firstly不如first用得普遍,许多人在列举事物时都是说:First,;secondly,;thirdly,。
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