众所周知,不定式动词(Infinitive)的形式是:to + 原动词, 如:to come, to go, to play, to read, to listen, to sing等等。
在一般情况下,to + 原动词必须靠拢,但在某些情况里,to和原动词可以被适当的副词(Adverb)分开,在某些动词句型里,to则必须省略。
在什么情况下,不定式动词的两部份可以分开呢?分开的目的何在?在大多数场合里,不定式动词两部分不分开,只有在特殊环境里才准许让副词加入,以便更准确地,更自然地反映某些实际情况。看看下面三个句子:
(1) Bob failed completely to fulfil his duties.
(2) Bob failed to fulfil his duties completely.
(3) Bob failed to completely fulfil his duties.
在(1)里,状态副词Completely既可修饰谓语动词failed,也可修饰不定式动词to fulfil。在 (2) 里,completely和被修饰的不定式动词离开太远,力道不足,效果欠佳。在 (3) 里,completely夹在不定式动词两部份之间,把它修饰得既自然又贴切;这个位置,在三个句子中,可说是最恰当的了。
同样的,(4)比(5)紧凑;(6)比(7)扎实:
(4) It was wrong for Mr Lim to suddenly quit the job.
(5) It was wrong for Mr Lim suddenly to quit the job.
(6) Is it possible for a chaotic country to further develop its economy?
(7) Is it possible for a chaotic country to develop its economy further?
由于不定式动词的两部分在适当时分开有其优点,这种用法,在现代英语里越来越普遍。例如:
(8) Civil servants were urged to better serve the public.
(9)The Economic Development Board has just announced some new plans to further promote the economic development.
(10) I dont want you to be forever criticising your friends good efforts.
(11) The new manager wanted the new scheme to be properly implemented.
最后,顺便谈谈什么情况下,不定式动词中的to要省略。
一、和make, let, 及感官动词see, hear, watch连用的句型中,to必须省略。例如:
(12) Dont make her cry.
(13) I wont let you go now.
(14) We saw a man jump into the lake.
(15) Have you heard me call you ?
(16) Let us go to watch him play the game.
二、在had better, would rather后面的不定式动词中的 to要省略。例如:
(17) You had better do the work now.
(18) It is late now. I would rather go tomorrow.
要注意的是,在被动语态中to这符号可能要重现。例如:
(19) Noone can make him understand the real problem. He cannot be made to understand the real problem.
(20) We heard them speak English.They were heard to speak English.
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