众所周知,不定式动词(Infinitive)的形式是:to + 原动词, 如:to come, to go, to play, to read, to listen, to sing等等。
在一般情况下,to + 原动词必须靠拢,但在某些情况里,to和原动词可以被适当的副词(Adverb)分开,在某些动词句型里,to则必须省略。
在什么情况下,不定式动词的两部份可以分开呢?分开的目的何在?在大多数场合里,不定式动词两部分不分开,只有在特殊环境里才准许让副词加入,以便更准确地,更自然地反映某些实际情况。看看下面三个句子:
(1) Bob failed completely to fulfil his duties.
(2) Bob failed to fulfil his duties completely.
(3) Bob failed to completely fulfil his duties.
在(1)里,状态副词Completely既可修饰谓语动词failed,也可修饰不定式动词to fulfil。在 (2) 里,completely和被修饰的不定式动词离开太远,力道不足,效果欠佳。在 (3) 里,completely夹在不定式动词两部份之间,把它修饰得既自然又贴切;这个位置,在三个句子中,可说是最恰当的了。
同样的,(4)比(5)紧凑;(6)比(7)扎实:
(4) It was wrong for Mr Lim to suddenly quit the job.
(5) It was wrong for Mr Lim suddenly to quit the job.
(6) Is it possible for a chaotic country to further develop its economy?
(7) Is it possible for a chaotic country to develop its economy further?
由于不定式动词的两部分在适当时分开有其优点,这种用法,在现代英语里越来越普遍。例如:
(8) Civil servants were urged to better serve the public.
(9)The Economic Development Board has just announced some new plans to further promote the economic development.
(10) I dont want you to be forever criticising your friends good efforts.
(11) The new manager wanted the new scheme to be properly implemented.
最后,顺便谈谈什么情况下,不定式动词中的to要省略。
一、和make, let, 及感官动词see, hear, watch连用的句型中,to必须省略。例如:
(12) Dont make her cry.
(13) I wont let you go now.
(14) We saw a man jump into the lake.
(15) Have you heard me call you ?
(16) Let us go to watch him play the game.
二、在had better, would rather后面的不定式动词中的 to要省略。例如:
(17) You had better do the work now.
(18) It is late now. I would rather go tomorrow.
要注意的是,在被动语态中to这符号可能要重现。例如:
(19) Noone can make him understand the real problem. He cannot be made to understand the real problem.
(20) We heard them speak English.They were heard to speak English.
反身代词用作表语
不定代词用作同位语
反身代词不用作定语
指示代词
代词比较辩异 one,that 和it
物主代词
some何时用于疑问句和否定句
all, every, each的用法区别
回答what, who, how many等要用什么不定代词
so little 还是 such little
人称代词的排序特点
替代词it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法
few, little, a few, a little
anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each
"the"的妙用
“及物动词+自身代词+介词短语”的常用结构
双重所有格
不定代词表示“两者”和“三者”的易错点
one/another/the other
疑问代词的语法要点
不定代词语境性考题一例
many, much
anyone还是whoever
反身代词
anything but还是anybody but
all, every, each的四点基本用法区别
疑问代词
初学者用错不定冠词的三种情形
替代词ones与the ones的用法区别
英语语法-代词配套练习及答案
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