众所周知,不定式动词(Infinitive)的形式是:to + 原动词, 如:to come, to go, to play, to read, to listen, to sing等等。
在一般情况下,to + 原动词必须靠拢,但在某些情况里,to和原动词可以被适当的副词(Adverb)分开,在某些动词句型里,to则必须省略。
在什么情况下,不定式动词的两部份可以分开呢?分开的目的何在?在大多数场合里,不定式动词两部分不分开,只有在特殊环境里才准许让副词加入,以便更准确地,更自然地反映某些实际情况。看看下面三个句子:
(1) Bob failed completely to fulfil his duties.
(2) Bob failed to fulfil his duties completely.
(3) Bob failed to completely fulfil his duties.
在(1)里,状态副词Completely既可修饰谓语动词failed,也可修饰不定式动词to fulfil。在 (2) 里,completely和被修饰的不定式动词离开太远,力道不足,效果欠佳。在 (3) 里,completely夹在不定式动词两部份之间,把它修饰得既自然又贴切;这个位置,在三个句子中,可说是最恰当的了。
同样的,(4)比(5)紧凑;(6)比(7)扎实:
(4) It was wrong for Mr Lim to suddenly quit the job.
(5) It was wrong for Mr Lim suddenly to quit the job.
(6) Is it possible for a chaotic country to further develop its economy?
(7) Is it possible for a chaotic country to develop its economy further?
由于不定式动词的两部分在适当时分开有其优点,这种用法,在现代英语里越来越普遍。例如:
(8) Civil servants were urged to better serve the public.
(9)The Economic Development Board has just announced some new plans to further promote the economic development.
(10) I dont want you to be forever criticising your friends good efforts.
(11) The new manager wanted the new scheme to be properly implemented.
最后,顺便谈谈什么情况下,不定式动词中的to要省略。
一、和make, let, 及感官动词see, hear, watch连用的句型中,to必须省略。例如:
(12) Dont make her cry.
(13) I wont let you go now.
(14) We saw a man jump into the lake.
(15) Have you heard me call you ?
(16) Let us go to watch him play the game.
二、在had better, would rather后面的不定式动词中的 to要省略。例如:
(17) You had better do the work now.
(18) It is late now. I would rather go tomorrow.
要注意的是,在被动语态中to这符号可能要重现。例如:
(19) Noone can make him understand the real problem. He cannot be made to understand the real problem.
(20) We heard them speak English.They were heard to speak English.
雅思写作中的“双边”讨论文章
点评:学语言要学习对方的文化和生活方式吗?
雅思大作文点评:大学男生女生是否应一样多?
雅思大作文点评:解决环境问题方法是涨价?
雅思大作文点评:解决城市住房短缺只能靠政府?
雅思大作文中如何举例子
雅思写作通病之完不成写作任务
4月雅思写作抢先播报
雅思写作三要素
雅思大作文点评:应帮助当地社区还是国际组织?
雅思写作:长难句才是王道
教你如何成为雅思完美小作文达人
雅思7分作文范文
烤鸭必看:最常用错的雅思作文五组词
雅思写作技巧点拨:怎样避免字数不够
雅思写作必备句型汇总
雅思写作词汇分类汇总:工作类
雅思写作语法结构的三种情况
雅思外教9分例文:冷门题
2011雅思备考:精美写作范文
高中生应对雅思写作误区的五大解决方案
雅思写作三大技能需升级
雅思作文权威点评:养宠物的利弊
雅思写作词汇分类汇总:文化类
中国学生雅思写作的四大通病
雅思大作文写作的低分原因
雅思大作文点评:国家体育队应该由谁资助?
名师指导:写好雅思作文的语言准备过程
雅思大作文点评:老龄人口快速增长的优缺点
雅思写作:如何表达地道
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |