英语讲义【117】BE的语法功能

　　英语的be是个特别动词；有些语言，如中文和马来文，并没有be这样的动词。

　　Be除了原形的be之外，还有另外七种形式：am, is, are, been, being, was, were.

　　在句子中，be可以是主动词（The Principal Verb）或助动词（The Auxiliary Verb）.

　　当主动词时，be在性质上属于接系动词（The Linking Verb）, 后面要有名词、形容词、地方副词或短语作补足语（The Complement）。例如：　

　　1. The man is a science teacher.

　　2. Marys new dresses are colourful.

　　3. I have been there before.

　　4. Mother is in the kitchen now.

　　这四个都是陈述句，可以变成疑问句，方法简单，把主语和be或助动词对换位置即可：　

　　5. Is the man a science teacher?

　　6. Are Marys new dresses colourful?

　　7. Have I been there before?

　　8. Is mother in the kitchen now?

　　当be要在祈使句中出现时，它必须借重助动词do或dont之助，如：　

　　9. Dont be silly!

　　10. Do be obedient!

　　11. Dont be a fool!

　　Be有两种缩写法，如下：

　　12. Hes not/He isnt

　　13. Youre not/You arent

　　但am + not的缩写法只有一个：

　　14. Im not.

　　有人用aint, 但这并不是标准英语。

　　谈过了be作主动词的功能，现在看看be作助动词时，有些什么用法：

　　1.Be + 现在分词以组成进行式时态（Continuous Tenses），如：

　　15. Tonys maid is washing his new car.

　　16. The children are playing in the field.

　　17. Samuel was eating when I came in.

　　18. We have been living here since 1959.

　　2.Be + 过去分词以组成被动语态（The Passive Voice）,如：

　　19. Her money in the drawer was stolen.

　　20. A number of good jobs are taken up byforeigners.

　　21. David studied in Taiwan but has been trained as a language lecturer in America.

　　22. Can all the wonderful birds be found in our Bird Park?

　　23. The disobedient boy was told to stand out- side the classroom.

　　24. Steps are being taken to reduce traffic con- gestion during peak hours.

　　25. Dishonest students will be immediately dealt with.

　　从上面例子看，be这动词外貌平凡，但内涵丰厚。如果没有be，补足语的桥梁断了。如果没有be,何来进行式时态和被动语态？缺了这几样重要的句式，英语还像英语吗？