英语讲义【110】带双宾语的动词

　　在《及物动词不需要介词》一文中，谈到及物动词不需要通过介词引进宾语。但是，当及物动词有两个宾语时，有些无须介词，有些则需要。

　　两个宾路都无须介词的动词包括下列这些：　

　　① Please show me the letter.

　　② Can you buy me a meal?

　　③ I will give you the latest newsletter.

　　④ John has sent Betty a cheque of $1000.

　　在①-④这样的句子里，有个直接宾语，也有个间接宾语。前者一定是物、后者一定是人。它们之间不需要介词作桥梁。另一些双宾语的动词，就需要介词的帮助了。关于这点，可以分四方面来谈。

　　Ⅰ.两个宾语可通过不同介词对换位置，如：

　　①a. The boss entrusted him with the job.

　　　b. The boss entrusted the job to him.

　　②a. He tried to impress the new idea on us.

　　　b. He tried to impress us with the new idea.

　　③a. A general should inspire his soldiers with great courage.

　　　b. A general should inspire great courage in his soldiers.

　　Ⅱ.不同介词，不同意思，如：

　　④a. Who introduced John to you?

　　　b. Who introduced John into the new office?

　　⑤a. We warned him of the hazard.

　　　b. We warned him against the hazard.

　　（a. 指存在的危险；b. 指可能的危险）

　　⑥a. When compared with each other, there are differences between the twins.

　　　b. We may compare the heart to a pump.

　　（a. 指同类人或物对比；b.指两样不同东西互相比拟）

　　⑦a. Helen was disappointed of the prize.

　　　b. Helen was disappointed in the prize.

　　（a. 指没得奖而失望；b. 指对所得的奖不满而失望）

　　⑧a. The cake is allied to the flour.

　　　b. Is Taiwan allied with America?

　　（a.指两样东西有关联；b. 指两个国家有联盟关系）

　　Ⅲ.两个宾语与介词各就各位，固定不变，如：

　　⑨ The police cautioned the tourists of the danger ahead.（警惕） ⑩ Can a doctor cure June of her chronic illness?（医治）

　　● The company has to compensate its staff for their losses.（弥补）

　　● No one can deprive a citizen of his human right.（剥夺）

　　Ⅳ.以返身代词为宾语的惯用语，如：　　　● I hope you will avail yourself of the golden opportunity. （利用）

　　● My friends often pride themselves on their rare achievements.（以自豪）

　　● Jill knows how to insinuate herself into her bosss favour.（向献媚取宠）

　　● We look down on those ingratiating themselves with their superiors.（讨好）