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英语讲义【109】及物动词不需要介词

发布时间:2016-03-01  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  在英语错误中,及物动词+介词+宾语(transitive verb+preposition+object),是常见的一种。所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词(predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语。相反的,不及物动词(intransitive verb)是不带宾语的。有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要有宾语,如下列的

  ①a. We study every day.

   b. Do you study English every day.

  ②a. Please write clearly next time.

   b. Can you write your composition now?

  如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行,如③b和④b;③a和④a是错的;

  *③a. The children are listening the music.

   b. The children are listening to the music.

  *④a. She is laughing the crippled man.

   b. She is laughing at the crippled man.

  反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和⑥: 

  ⑤ John is giving a book to me.

  ⑥ Who will answer this question?

  如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如: 

  *⑦ Who will answer to this question?

  下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错:

  We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.

  Awaiting是个及物动词,后面的介词for是多余的,要去掉;不然把awaiting改为waiting for也行。

  许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语。最常见的是emphasize/stress on/upon和discuss about,如: 

  ⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.

  ⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results.

  ⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.

  显然的,这三句里的介词on/upon和about是多余的,不必要的。

  下面是些类似的错误: 

  ● The young must obey to their elders.

  ● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.

  ● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.

  ● Nothing can escape from his parents eyes.

  ● Do you hope to serve for your nation?

  ● When did Susan marry with Paul?

  介词to, on, from, for, with都要去掉才对。

  为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆。解决之道有二。

  第一,要把及物动词+宾语和不及物动词+介词+宾语划分清楚,如: 

  I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.

  He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.

  第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如: 

  Dont approach such a person.

  Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?

  

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