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英语讲义【99】动词时态要一致

发布时间:2016-03-01  编辑:查字典英语网小编

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  上面这句话很好,很客气,但是第二分句的动词sent的时态不对,应该改为send,从过去简单时态变成现在简单时态,使两个等立分句中的动词时态一致。

  在语法上,这叫做时态的一致(sequence of tenses)。下面是几个指导原则:

  Ⅰ 主句(main clause)里的动词是过去时态的话,名词从句(noun clause)或副词从句(adverb clause)里的动词也要以过去式出现,如: 

  ● Tom said/ that he was busy yesterday.

  ● Janet wanted to know/ why she was not given a more important job.

  ● Lily failed/ because she did not submit the project report.

  ● None could help you/ if you continued being lazy.

  ● Although David was unwell,/ he went to office as usual.

  这原则有两个例外,即:

  (i)当名词从句表达一种真理或既成事实时,其动词时态是现在式,如: 

  ● Newton discovered/ that gravitation causes apples to fall.

  ● Our elders told us/ that experience is the best teacher.

  (ii)比较性的副词从句里的动词时态有伸缩性,视情况而定,不一定非过去式不可,如: 

  ● Susan valued his advice more/ than she values mine.

  ● Peter weighed as much/ as I shall weigh after my dinner.

  Ⅱ 主句里的动词时态是现在式时,名词从句或副词从句的时态可以是现在式,也可以是其他适合的时态,如:   ● Jim believes/ that he will get the job.

  ● The officer has just told us/that his annual leave was approved weeks ago.

  ● Christine is infuriated/ because she was criticised for her sloppy work.

  Ⅲ 形容词从句(adjective clause)中的时态最自由,最不受拘束,如:  ● Tom mooted the idea/which some ignored, which others tend to attack, but which many will eventually accept.

  这句里的主句动词是过去式,第一个形容词从句的动词虽是过去,第二个里的却是现在式,第三个里的是将来式。

  最后请看看这句话:

  President Clinton stated/ that he will not run in the next presidential election.

  按照常理,名词从句里的will not run要改为would not run才能和主句里的过去式stated一致。论者把这种现象视为 特殊情况,算是给名人的特权吧!一般人还是遁常道而行,避免争议。

  

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