在《词序不同,句义有异》一文里,谈到形似义异的句子。这里要从句型的变化来看句义的不同。最后还要看看同一个句子,却有两个意思。
先看句型不同,句义有别的句子。
① We/watched/ the sunset.
② We/watched/the sun/set.
①里的句型是主语+动词+宾语。②里的句型是主语+动词+ 宾语+不带的不定式动词。①的意思是某人看某事;② 的意思是某人看某事发生。
③ Tom/ is/ going to play.
④ Tom/ is going/ to school.
③的句型是主语+动词+补足语。④里的句型是主语+动词+ 副词短语。③的意思是汤姆将要去玩耍。④的意思是汤姆在去学校途中。
⑤ The cow/ is used/ to do the farm work.
⑥ The cow/ is/ used to doing the farm work.
⑤是被动语态(the passive voice);⑥是主动语态(the active voice)。⑤的句型是主语+助动词+过去分词+不定式动词短语。
⑥的句型是主语+动词+补足语。注意⑥的补足语(the complement)是个形容词短语used to,意思是习惯于,如:
⑦ Are you used to eating in a canteen?
⑧ Some people are not used to living in a foreign land.
最后来看看一些一句二义的句子:
⑨ All schools here have trained teachers.
a. All schools here HAVE TRAINED teachers.
b. All schools here have TRAINED teachers.
(a)指的是在训练教师;(b)指的是有受过训练的教师。
⑩ Mr Li is a Chinese dress tailor.
a. Mr Li is a CHINESE dress tailor.
b. Mr Li is a CHINESE DRESS tailor.
(a)里的李先生是个华籍裁缝师;(b)里的李先生是个华人服装的裁缝师。
(11) Jenny doesnt have a single companion.
a. Jenny doesnt have A SINGLE companion.
b. Jenny doesnt have a SINGLE companion.
(a)里的珍妮连一个同伴都没有;(b)里的珍妮没有未婚的同伴。
(12) It is good news that his wife is expecting.
这句话蕴涵着两个意思:
(a)他太太在等待的是个好消息;(b)有个好消息,就是他太太快生产了。
(a)和(b)的不同根源于that his wife is expecting这句话。它可以是形容词从句(the adjective clause),也可以是名词从句(the noun clause)。
根据(a)的语义,所需的是个形容词从句。根据(b)的意思,需要的是充当同位语的名词从句(the noun clause as the noun in apposition)。
下面这个that small名词从句也是名词The fact的同位语;
(13) The fact that our country is small is undeniable.
2014人教新目标英语八下unit1《What’s the matter》section b 3a导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit1《What’s the matter》section b 2a-2e导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下 unit4《Why don’t you talk to your parents》(第4课时)教案
2014人教新目标英语八下 unit9《Have you ever been to a museum》单元词汇
2014人教新目标英语八下unit3《Could you please clean your room》section a 1a-2c导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit3《Could you please clean your room》学案
2014人教新目标英语八下 unit5《What were you doing when the rainstorm came》(第3课时)导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit3《Could you please clean your room》教案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit3《Could you please clean your room》第四课时教案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit3《Could you please clean your room》section b 2c-2e导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit3《Could you please clean your room》第一课时教案
2014人教新目标英语八下 unit7《What’s the highest mountain in the world》(第4课时)导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下 unit7《What’s the highest mountain in the world》(第6课时)导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下 unit7《What’s the highest mountain in the world》(第3课时)导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit3《Could you please clean your room》section b 1a-1e导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit1《What’s the matter》(第三课时)教案
2014人教新目标英语八下 unit5《What were you doing when the rainstorm came》(第5课时)导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下 unit4《Why don’t you talk to your parents》(第3课时)教案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit3《Could you please clean your room》第二课时教案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit1《What’s the matter》section a 3a-3c导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下 unit5《What were you doing when the rainstorm came》(第1课时)导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit 2《I’ll help clean up the city parks》(第2课时)教案
2014人教新目标英语八下 unit4《Why don’t you talk to your parents》(第4课时)导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下 unit5《What were you doing when the rainstorm came》(第2课时)导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit 2《I’ll help clean up the city parks》(第3课时)教案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit 2《I’ll help clean up the city parks》(第5课时)教案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit 2《I’ll help clean up the city parks》(第4课时)教案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit1《What’s the matter》(第二课时)教案
2014人教新目标英语八下 unit4《Why don’t you talk to your parents》(第6课时)导学案
2014人教新目标英语八下unit1《What’s the matter》section a 1a-2d导学案
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |