前两三期谈过了被动语态的变法及在什么情况下要用被动语态。
这里要谈的是:如何处理某些句子的被动语态。
先看看双宾语句子如何变成被动语态。
大家知道,英语有些句子含有两个宾语:直接宾语和间接宾语。例如:
The crowd gave the guest a warm welcome 里,就有双宾语。一个是直接宾语a warm welcome ;另一个是间接宾语the guest。
在变成被动语态时,其中一个宾语要成为主语。在一般情况下,我们多以间接宾语为主语,直接宾语留在原位,如:
The guest was given a warm welome by the crowd 。
但是,如果重点在直接宾语,直接宾语便要变成被动语态的主语,如:
We will offer any capable applicant a competitive salary.要变成:
A competitive salary will be offered to any capable applicant.
接着,让我们看看名词分句如何变成被动语态,例如:
People generally feel that social workers are offering valuable services for the public.这句子可以it 作为主语,然后,把名词分句移到句子后头去:
It is generally felt that social workers are offering valuable services for the public.
另外一种变法是把名词分句的主语转为被动句的主语,接着把名词分句的动词变成不定式动词:
Social workers are generally felt to be offering valuable services for the public.
最后,谈谈怎样把不带to的不定式动词变成被动语态。例如:
We saw them go out和He made her work这两句话里, go out和work 不带to ,但是当它们变成被动句时, to 出现了:
They were seen to go out.和She was made to work.
在结束本文之前,顺便指出中英文句子结构的一个差异,就是中文含有被动意义的句子,不一定要用被字,但在译成英文时,却要变成被动语态。例如:
①灯关掉了:The light was turned off (不是:The light turned off)
②会议延期举行:The meeting will be put off. (不是:The meeting will put off)
③这件事必须保密:This matter should be kept secret.(不是:This matter should be secret)
④发展计划提早完成:The development project was completed before schedule.
⑤我们学校去年建造了一个新的电脑室: Last year, a new computer room was built in our school.
⑥在旧社会,妇女是受轻视的:In the old society,women were looked down upon.
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