一个句子中难免出现一两个生字。在这种情况下,不必马上查字典,只要根据上下文的关系,就可能猜测生字的意思了。
下面这些例子,值得大家参考:
⒈利用括号内的解释,如:
① The power of the tribune (one million people read it every day) is enormous.
什么东西能吸引 100 万人来阅读呢?既然这东西吸引了 100 万人,它必定神通广大。这么一来,enormous的意思,也不问而知了。
② To write, you need a sharp tool and a quick mind (the first of which can be easily obtained from a book store).
这里的sharp tool是利器吗?不是,括号内注明这利器可以在书店买到;显然,这就是笔了。
⒉利用名词同位语,如:
③ The epidermis, the outer layer of skin, protects us from germs.
这里的the outer layer of skin是名词epidermis的同位语。既然如此,epidermis指的当然是皮肤的外层了。
⒊利用句中的代替词,如:
④ What can the government do in order to alleviate or lessen the problem of inflation?
这里的lessen和alleviate同义。Lessen的意思是 减少:alleviate的意思不是很明显了吗?
⒋利用字的构造,如:
⑤ Jason is a language specialist.
Special是unusual(不寻常的)之意;后缀-ist指人。Specialist就是不寻常的人;也就是专家之意。
⒌利用比较词语中的含义,如:
⑥ The army, numerous as the sand in the sea, marched forward fearlessly.
军队的人数有如海中的沙石:numerous的意思不就是 很多吗?
⒍利用逻辑性的推理,如:
⑦ With such a meagre vocabulary, you should work hard to learn more new words.
既然必须用功增加词汇,就是词汇不足。Meagre的意思应该是不足或贫乏了。
⒎利用字的定义,如:
⑧ By an array of dots, I mean an orderly arrangement of dots in columns and rows.
从句中的定义看来,array的意思不就是有秩序的排列 吗?
⒏利用句中的例子,如:
⑨ Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol, on the skin.
酒精(alcohol)可以防毒:antiseptic准是消毒药了。
⒐利用句子中的重点词,如:
⑩ The children sat under the shady old elm, while the birds were singing overhead on its branches.
从重点词shady(遮阳)和branches(树枝),不难猜到孩子们所处的环境,elm肯定是一种树,不可能是洋房或凉亭。
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