主动语态比被动语态直接而有力,多用主动语态,可以使文章充满朝气,呈现活力。在下列两组句子中, (b)比(a)有力:
(1) a.My first visit to New Zealand will always be remembered by me.
b. I will always remember my first visit to New Zealand.
(2) a.The crowing of cocks could be heard at dawn.
b. The cocks crow came with dawn.
虽然如此,在某些情况下,非用被动语态不可。前此已提过这事,这里不再重述。这里只有指出其中一点,就是有些动词,如 base, schedule, expect, suppose 等,通常以被动语态形式出现。
例如:
(1)This survey was based on facts.
(2)The last train is scheduled to leave at 9pm.
(3)You are expected to come on time.
(4)All are supposed to work hard.
除了上述这些动词之外,还有十种,几乎都以被动式出现。
(一)有关疾病的动词,如:
(1)Helens left lung is infected.
(2)He is confined to the house by illness.
(3)The old man was seized with sudden chest pains.
(二)有关疲乏的动词,如:
(4) I am completely exhausted after the game.
(5)Tom was done up after the race.
(三)有关喜乐的动词,如:
(6)The children were fascinated by the toys.
(7)We were delighted to hear the good news.
(8) I am very pleased to see you here.
(四)有关延迟或障碍的动词,如:
(9)The workers were held up by the heavy rain.
(10)The road was blocked by ice.
(11)The train was delayed by 30 minutes.
(五)有关惯性动作的动词,如:
(12)Tom is addicted to smoking.
(13)Foreign workers are quite used to hard work.
(六)有关烦恼或焦急的动词,如:
(14)Who was upset by John?
(15)Mother was annoyed to know this.
(七)有关惊奇或震惊的动词,如:
(16) I was surprised to see him here.
(17)All were shocked to hear the bad news.
(八)有关包围的动词,如:
(18)The troops were surrounded.
(19)Troy was besieged.
(九)有关沾污或污化的动词,如:
(20)Judys reputation is tarnished.
(21)The water was contaminated with oil.
(十)有关害怕或混乱的动词,如:
(22)All were frightened out of their wits.
(23)He was puzzled about what to do next.
要注意的一点是,上面这十类动词有些已渐渐失去了动词力量,转化为惯用语。
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