1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。例如:
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。
该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。
2) 关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中,that 可指人也可指物,见表:
指人 指物 指人或指物 主 格 who which that 宾 格 whom that that 属 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose例如:This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那枝折了尖的铅笔。(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)
说明:非限定性定语从句中,不能用that作关系代词。
3) 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子。例如:
He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。
说明: 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。另外,关系代词that在从句中作表语时也可省略,例如:
Ive forgotten much of the Latin I once knew. 我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了。
Hes changed. Hes not the man he was. 他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。
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