表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
一、基数词
1)基数词一般可写成如345或three hundred and forty-five.
2)基数词一般是单数形式,但遇下列情况,常用复数:
a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scores of people 指许多人;
b. 在一些表示一排或一组的词组里。例如:
They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到了。
c. 表示几十岁.
d. 表示年代,用 in +the +数词复数。
e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如Three fives is(are)fifteen.
二、序数词
序数词的缩写形式如first1st second2nd thirty-first31st等。
三、 数词的用法
1)倍数表示法
a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as.例如
I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length) of。例如:
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。
c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than。例如:
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%.
d. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍。例如:
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
2)分数表示法的构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数。例如:
1/3 one-third; 3/37 three and three-sevenths.
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