不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行,过去分词强调完成;及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动,过去分词强调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。分词作其他成分时,也是如此。分词作定语,单个的分词作定语一般前置;分词词组,个别分词如given, left等,修饰不定代词等的分词,作定语需后置。例如:
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
This is the question given. 这是所给的问题
There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
分词作定语相当于定语从句,如Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who wereinvited to the party were famous scientists.
典型例题
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 书与写作是被动关系,应用过去分词做定语表被动,相当于定语从句 which was written
2)Whats the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken,在句中作定语,修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:Whats the language (which is) spoken in German?
高考语法习题之情态动词
高二英语教案 Unit 2 No smoking, please! --1
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少儿英语歌曲:Hey,moon
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高考语法习题之形容词和副词
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大学英语语法之表语
高二英语教案 Unit 3 Body language --2
高考语法复习习题之动词的时态
体坛英语资讯:Official confirms Yao to return to action this week
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高考语法习题之动词的语气
高二英语教案 Unit 2 No smoking, please! --3
大学英语语法之主语
体坛英语资讯:Ricco soars high for 2nd stage win
国际英语资讯:Police identify suspect for planning explosive attack in Germany
大学英语语法之状语
体坛英语资讯:Zheng Jie knocks out top-seeded Ana Ivanovic at Wimbledon
体坛英语资讯:Zheng makes history with semis spot in grand slam
国际英语资讯:Bangladesh kills 11 as government comes down heavily on homegrown militants
高二英语教案 Unit 1 Disneyland -1
体坛英语资讯:Zhao Ruirui ready to put bad luck behind her
高二英语教案 Unit 1 Disneyland --3
高考语法习题之助动词
高二英语教案 Unit 2 No smoking, please! --4
国际英语资讯:UN Security Council fails to adopt rival resolutions on Syria
大学英语语法之宾语补足语
高二英语教案 Unit 1 Disneyland --2
大学英语语法之宾语
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