1. 分词作定语
1) 分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前,作前置定语,也可以放在所修饰的词后面,作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如:
Where are the reserved seats? (=Where are the seats which have been reserved?)
预定的座位在哪里?
This is a pressing problem. (=This is a problem which is pressing.)
这是一个紧迫的问题。
2) 分词作后置定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开)两种,其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如:
The funds raised (= which have been raised) are mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。
There are many students waiting (= who are waiting) to get examined.
有许多学生在等待检查。
This book, written (= which is written) in simple English, is suitable for beginners.
本书是用浅显的英语写的,适合初学者。
3) 分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如:
The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.
那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。
The newly-built building is our office building.
这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。
4) 有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语,并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如:
There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天有许多落叶。
The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.
这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。
常用的这一类词有:fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等。
2. 分词作宾语补足语
1) 跟分词作宾补的动词有:catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。例如:
When they returned home from the holiday, they found their house stolen.
当他们度假完回到家时,发现房子被盗了。(过去分词表示被动)
We want this work finished quickly.
我们要求这项工作很快完成。
2) 在复合宾语中,用现在分词作宾补,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系;用过去分词作宾补,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如:
There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard.
由于十分吵闹,讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。
3. 分词作状语
1) 分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句;表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如:
Confined to bed (= Because she was confined to bed), she needed to be waited on in everything.
她卧病在床,什么事都需要人伺候。(作原因状语)
Having only book knowledge (= If you only have book knowledge), you will not be
able to work well.
如果只有书本知识,你就不可能做好工作。(作条件状语)
They stood there waiting for the bus. (=They stood there and waited for the bus.)
他们站在那里等公共汽车。(作方式状语)
2) 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较
不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语,如果单独作状语,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句,如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词;如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用现在分词。有时为了强调,分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作状语,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如:
Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed.
如果你努力,你会成功的。
Defeated (= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer.
虽然他被击败了,但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。
4. 分词的独立结构
1) 分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则,分词必须有自己的主语,这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构,或叫独立主格。在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件等。例如:
The project finished, they had a two weeks leave.
完成那个计划后,他们休了两周假。
He being absent, nothing could be done.
由于他缺席,什么事也没法干。
2) 独立结构有时也可以用with/ without + 名词(或代词的宾语)+ 分词的结构,表示伴随状况。例如:
They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixedon the lake.
他们静静地坐在那里,眼睛看着湖面。
With him helping me, I felt lucky.
有他的帮助,我感到很幸运。
国内英语资讯:Chinas largest air carrier serves 2.1 mln passengers in Spring Festival holiday
国际英语资讯:Feature: Chinese designer Wang Tao seeks to revamp womens fashion attitude
国内英语资讯:Bill Gates says China a major contributor to global progress
国内英语资讯:Senior CPC official stresses improving publicity, ideological workers quality
体坛英语资讯:Roundup: Federer, Wozniacki blitz competition on Australian Open Day 3
国内英语资讯:Spring Festival travel brings 513.9 bln yuan to Chinas tourism revenue
体坛英语资讯:AFC Asian Cup: Hosts UAE, Thailand, Bahrain survive Group A
国内英语资讯:Chinese, Japanese officials, scholars call for joint efforts to promote healthy development
国内英语资讯:Holiday sales of Chinese retail, catering firms up 8.5 pct
国际英语资讯:U.S. school closures ordered for Monday due to heavy snowstorm
国内英语资讯:Chinese shares jump on 1st trading day of Year of Pig
国内英语资讯:China, India contribute most to global greenery expansion: NASA data
多年后,我终于变成了最好的自己
国际英语资讯:S. Korea chooses Seoul to bid for Olympics with DPRK - report
国内英语资讯:China to lift another ten million people out of poverty in 2019
体坛英语资讯:Olympiacos Piraeus beat Khimki BC 71-57 in Euroleague
国内英语资讯:Chinas top legislature wraps up bimonthly session
想和英国人愉快地玩耍?这些礼节要记牢!
国内英语资讯:U.S., China should work together for stronger relations: expert
国际英语资讯:Japan demands remarks about emperor made by S. Korean assembly speaker be retracted
国际英语资讯:Govt ready to negotiate with opposition without preconditions: Venezuelan FM
国际英语资讯:All U.S. states will see net job loss due to announced tariffs: study
国际英语资讯:Ukraines presidential election to be held amid tight security
体坛英语资讯:Al-Attiyah on verge of third Dakar title
北极熊大举入侵俄罗斯群岛 吓得当地居民不敢出门
国内英语资讯:Profile: Eyes of blinds: Man presents movies for blind audience
国际英语资讯:British Prince Philip surrenders drivers license after car accident in January
巧克力送同事不如送自己 日本女性抵制情人节送礼传统
体坛英语资讯:Real Madrid, Girona, Sevilla progress to last 8 in Spains Copa del Rey
国内英语资讯:Spotlight: Xis trip to Osaka drives multilateralism, G20 cooperation, global economy
| 不限 |
| 英语教案 |
| 英语课件 |
| 英语试题 |
| 不限 |
| 不限 |
| 上册 |
| 下册 |
| 不限 |