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Metaphor:(暗喻)
It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.
Metaphor compares two different things by speaking of one in terms of the other. Unlike a simile or analogy, metaphor asserts that one thing is another thing, not just that one is like another. Very frequently a metaphor is invoked by the to be verb: Metaphor is compressed simile(简缩了的明喻)。
暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。
在实际运用中Metaphor有时仅出现喻体,本体需要从上下文中分析推敲出来。
英语Metaphor的运用格式灵活多样,它可以体现在任何句子成分上,如主语、谓语、表语、定语、宾语或状语。在表达上它可以是一个单词、一个词组或一个句子,甚至是一个段落。以下为英语Metaphor的常见运用格式:
★名词型
最常见的句式是甲是乙,喻体一般体现在句子的表语部分。
All the worlds a stage, and all the men and women merely players.
整个世界是座舞台,男男女女,演员而已。
Money is a bottomless sea, in which honour, conscience, and truth may be drowned.
金钱是无底的海洋,荣誉、良心和真理都可以淹没在其中。
★动词型
The boy wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it.
那男孩儿一抓到食物便狼吞虎咽般地吃了下去。
Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested 。
书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。
★形容词型
She has a photographic memory for detail.
她对细节有照相机般的记忆力。
The mountainous waves swallowed up the ship.
山一般的巨浪吞没了那艘航船。
★-of短语型
-of-短语构成的英语隐语很普遍,根据其结构及用法特征又可细分为两类:
A. a/the+N1+of+N2
Eg: the bridge of friendship, the valley of despair.
B a+N1+of+a+N2 (N1和N2前除a外,还可用the或人称代词的所有格形式)
Eg: a flower of a girl, a fox of a man
The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is its natural manure.
自由之树需要爱国者和暴君的鲜血来浇灌。鲜血是养育自由之树的天然基肥。
A policeman waved me out of the snake of traffic and flagged me to stop.
一位警察招手要我从长蛇般的车流中出来,并招呼我停下。
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