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条件状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作发生条件的状语从句。引导条件状语从句最经常用的连词是if,它的意思是如果除此之外,还有其他一些连词,它们也多少含有如果的意思,也可用于引导条件状语从句。
1. 用if引导:if意为如果。如:
You cant take photographs if the light is bad. 光线不足,就无法拍照。
If you cheat in the exam youll never get away with it. 考试作弊必予追究。
2. 用unless引导:unless的意思是如果不除非。如:
Dont act unless youre certain. 没有把握就不要做。
Unless you go at once you will be late. 如果你不马上走,就会迟到的。
3. 用as [so] long as引导:as [so] long as的意思是如果只要。如:
Ill remember that day as long as I live. 只要我活着,我就不会忘记那个日子。
You may take my dictionary as long as you dont keep it too long. 只要使用时间不太长,你可以把我的词典拿去。
4. 用in case引导:in case用连词引导条件状语从句时,其意为如果万一。如:
In case Im late, start without me. 万一我迟到,就不等我了。
In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记,请提醒我一下。
5. 条件状语从句的时态:当主句为将来时态或含有将来意义时,条件状语从句习惯上要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态。如:
■不知道明天是否会下雨,但要是下雨的话,我就呆在家里。
误:I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. But if it will rain tomorrow, Ill stay at home.
正:I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. But if it rains tomorrow, Ill stay at home.
句中的第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句(if=是否),从句谓语用将来时态表示将来意义;第二个if引导的是条件状语从句(if=如果),从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。
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