英语单词的来源大致上分为五种:
1)基本词(base)---是那些在今天看来已经不可再分的词,出现频率较高,非专门记忆不可
2)合成词(combining words)
3)缩略词(shortening words) 可以分为两种:一种是对原来完整的词进行加工,缩略其中一部分字母,构成新词,这种词叫缩短词(clipped word)。例如phone = telephone, chute = parachute , copter = helicopter , auto = automobile , ad = advertisement , demo = demonstration ,flu = influenza , fridge = refrigerator;另外一种缩略词是首字母缩略词(acronyms),也就是将词组中的起首字母联成一个词,例如:NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization , radar= radio detecting and ranging;
4)拼缀词(blending words) 拼缀词就是对原来的两个词进行剪裁,取其中的一部分,连成一个新词,例如:smog = smoke and fog , medicare = medical + care , psywar = psychological + warfare;
5)转类词(shifting words): 转类词就是词汇不改变词形而转换了词类而构成的新词
在这几种构词法中最活跃也是最能够引发人的主动性的要数合成词了。
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