三者均可表示花费,区别如下:
1. 从所用主语来看:
cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it)也可以是人。如:
The computer cost (me) $2 000. 这部电脑花了(我) 2 000 美元。
It costs (me) $1 000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花(我)1 000美元。
I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了 1 整天找你。
It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了 1 个小时。
The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)
注:若 cost 不是表示花费,而是表示客观上地或被动地耗费,则也可用人作主语。如:
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。
2. 从所接宾语来看:
cost 的宾语通常是钱,take 的宾语通常是时间,而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如:
How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?
It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。
He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。
注:cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如:
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。
按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如:
It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
3. 从句型结构来看:
(1) 三者的通常句型为:
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (moeny) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
(2) 用于以上意义时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take 通常不用于被动语态,而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如:
误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
误:Two hours was taken to do the work.
正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。
4. 在比喻用法中:
(1) cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如:
Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。
Just ring him up. Itll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话,这不费什么事。
(2) spend 表示消耗、用完。如:
Ill spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。
He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。
(3) take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如:
It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。
It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。
国内英语资讯:China, U.S. start new round of trade talks in Washington
老牌间谍哈斯佩尔宣誓就任中情局长
国内英语资讯:China to always welcome foreign firms including U.S. ones to invest in China
如果美国继续“邪恶行径”朝鲜将重新考虑是否举行峰会
国内英语资讯:China Focus: Positive China-U.S. trade consultations in the interests of both countries and
体坛英语资讯:Public proposals of medal designs sought for 2019 Military World Games
国际英语资讯:Iraqs Shiite Cleric Sadr meets elections 2nd winner over forming new govt
小测验 — 与手机有关的常用词汇
联合国:伊朗遵守了伊核协议限制条款
国内英语资讯:Chinas self-developed plane engine completes test run
Go a long way?
体坛英语资讯:Fenerbahce outpowers Zalgiris 76-67 in basketball Euroleague semifinal
用优步“打飞的” 你准备好了吗?
体坛英语资讯:Real Madrid beats CSKA 92-83 to meet Fenerbahce in Euroleague final
就业保持稳定,新职业不断涌现
体坛英语资讯:Ronaldo scores four as Portugal crush Lithuania 5-1
国内英语资讯:China ready to offer expertise for DRC Ebola outbreak: health official
国际英语资讯:Colombian peace process moves forward through challenging period: UN envoy
体坛英语资讯:Indonesia confident in paragliders ahead of Asian Games
司法部打造中国法网 为群众提供在线免费“法律顾问”
乌克兰坚决否认曾为波罗申科总统见川普而向其律师支付巨款
国内英语资讯:Chinas Spring Bud Project helps over 3.69 mln girls in 30 years
旅泰大熊猫“创创”死因公布:系慢性心力衰竭
体坛英语资讯:Argentina & Spain into semi-finals, Serbia and Polands fairy tales end
体坛英语资讯:Flamengo suspend Guerrero contract
加拿大餐馆爆炸案造成15人受伤
国际英语资讯:Trump slams Fox News poll on U.S. voters attitudes toward impeachment inquiry
国际英语资讯:Trade tensions tie down Asian Pacific economies: World Bank
Who needs sugar? 我们才不稀罕甜食呢!
摘得金棕榈奖,真的很开心!
| 不限 |
| 英语教案 |
| 英语课件 |
| 英语试题 |
| 不限 |
| 不限 |
| 上册 |
| 下册 |
| 不限 |