高中英语语法-如何提高英语书面表达能力

　　如何提高英语书面表达能力

　　　　现行的《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲》，不仅把培养在书面上初步运用英语进行交际的能力作为主要的教学目的之一，而且还在教学要求部分对写作出了具体的达标要求（在有提示语的条件下，能写出 80-100 词的短文，基本语法和常用句型无重大错误，意思表达清楚）。从历年考试结果来看，学生的听读技能在逐年提高，相比之下，写作技能却仍处于停滞不前的状态。因此，有步骤地培养和训练学生的书面表达能力是十分必要的。现笔者结合自己的教学经验谈谈如何提高英语书面表达能力，以供大家参考。

　　　　一 . 从遣词造句入手，循序渐进，培养能力

　　　　要提高书面表达能力，首先必须提高遣词造句的能力。要达到这个目的，就要创造条件多练，在练习中熟悉词汇的用法，掌握句型。

　　　　1. 背诵课文中的重要句型

　　　　首先通过机械模仿，逐渐学会灵活运用，做到举一反三。以新编高一教材 Unit 1 为例，在学习了课文 Chuck's Friend 的第一段： In the movie Cast Away， Tom Hanks plays a man named Chuck Noland. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends One day he is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean Chuck survived the crash and lands on a deserted island.

　　　　教师可以在学生背诵这段课文的基础上，让学生模仿课文中的句型用 sothat 和 when 造下列句子：

　　　　A. 他学习如此用功，以致老师表扬了他。

　　　　B. 他的英语学得如此好，以致能够用英语写信。

　　　　A. 我正要出去，这时候天下雨了。（ be about to dowhen ）

　　　　B. 我正在做饭，这时候电话响了。（ be doingwhen ）

　　　　再比如，学生在学了 Unit 6 的课文 Table Manners at a Dinner Party 中的句型 For drinking during a dinner， the best advice is never to drink too much 后，要复习并归纳与 advice 相关的词组及用法，并能模仿造句。如： a good piece of advice， follow/take one's advice， ask sb for some advice， do sth on/by one's advice， give sb some advice； advise sb（not）to do sth， advise sb against doing sth， advise doing sth， advise that-clause.

　　　　2. 做句型转换练习，学会一句多种表达

　　　　如：在学习并列句 He lives in the house and its windows face south. 时，学生可以将它转化为以下不同的定语从句：

　　　　A. He lives in the house， whose windows face south.

　　　　B. He lives in the house， the windows of which face south.

　　　　C. He lives in the house， of which the windows face south.

　　　　又如：在学了句型 As soon as she saw it she knew that it must be Jim's. 后，学生还应该知道该句型可以有下列表达法：

　　　　A. On seeing it， she knew that it must be Jim's.

　　　　B. At the first sight of it， she knew that it must be Jim's.

　　　　C. The moment she saw it she knew that it must be Jim's.

　　　　D. As soon as she caught sight of it， she knew that it must be Jim's.

　　　　E. No sooner had she seen it than she knew that it must belong to Jim.

　　　　F. Hardly had she seen it when she knew it must belong to Jim.

　　　　二 . 熟悉英语语法知识，避免受母语影响

　　　　许多学生在做英语作文时由于不能摆脱母语的影响，常常按汉语思维，生搬硬套造句子，结果忽略了英语语法知识，写出不少汉语式的英文，以下是学生在书面表达中常出现的错误句子。

　　　　1. Car is playing more and more important part in people's life.

　　　　2. It is a new-built building.

　　　　3. A plane travels more faster than a train.

　　　　4. There is nothing serious wrong with the car.

　　　　5. On last Tuesday afternoon， we have some sports.

　　　　6. He gave us a lecture in February 2.

　　　　7. This kind of glasses sell well.

　　　　8. He bought many books， which was written by Lu Xun.

　　　　9. The fire was lasted two hours.

　　　　10. I have told that he will leave for America soon.

　　　　11. Teachers should strict with students and care for them.

　　　　12. The cloth is felt soft.

　　　　正确的表达方式是：

　　　　1. The car is playing a more and more important part in people's life.

　　　　2. It is a newly-built building.

　　　　3. A plane travels much faster than a train.

　　　　4. There is nothing seriously wrong with the car.

　　　　5. Last Tuesday afternoon， we had some sports.

　　　　6. He gave us a lecture on February 2.

　　　　7. This kind of glasses sells well.

　　　　8. He bought many books， which were written by Lu Xun.

　　　　9. The fire lasted two hours.

　　　　10. I have been told that he will leave for America soon.

　　　　11. Teachers should be strict with students and care for them.

　　　　12. The cloth feels soft.