常见的词性错误正误例析
英语中有些单词的词形或词义相近,但词性不同,在写英文句子时,要谨防用错这些词。
一、词形相近,词性不同错误。如:
1. ( 1 )汤姆会听从你的忠告。
误: Tom will take your advise.
正: Tom will take your advice.
( 2 )她劝我戒烟。
误: She adviced me to give up smoking.
正: She advised me to give up smoking.
析: advice 是名词,advise 是动词。
2. ( 1 )过度的工作已影响到他的健康。
误: Overwork has effected his health.
正: Overwork has affected his health.
( 2 )这种药对他的病有速效。
误: This medicine has an immediate affect on his illness.
正: This medicine has an immediate effect on his illness.
析: affect 是动词,意为影响;感动;effect 既可作动词用,又可作名词用。effect 用作动词时,意为招致;实现;达到(目的等);用作名词时意为结果;效果;作用;影响;(在视听方面给人留下的)印象。
3. 人们应该做深呼吸,充分获得每一次呼吸的好处。
误: One should breath deeply and get the full benefit of every breathe.
正: One should breathe deeply and get the full benefit of every breath.
析: breath 和 breathe 都表示呼吸,但前者是名词,后者是动词。
4. 保龄球是室内游戏。
误: Bowling is an indoors game.
正: Bowling is an indoor game.
析: indoor 是形容词,而 indoors 是副词。有类似用法的词还有 outdoor 与 outdoors .
5. 你可能是对的。
误: You maybe right.
正: You may be right.
析: maybe 是副词,意为或许;可能。 may be 是动词形式。
6. 其他的女孩们在哪儿呢?
误: Where are the others girls?
正: Where are the other girls?
析: other 是形容词。 others 常用作代词。
7. 那所学校是王先生创立的。
误: That school was found by Mr Wang.
正: That school was founded by Mr Wang.
析: found 作为 find 的过去式和过去分词时,意为发现;而作为动词原形时意为创立,其过去式及过去分词都为 founded.
8. 那两个姐妹长得相像。
误: The two sisters look like.
正: The two sisters look alike.
析: alike 可用作形容词或副词, like 可用作多种词性,但 look alike 意为长得相像,而 look like 意为看起来像是。
二、词义相近,词性不同错误。如:
9. ( 1 )他穿过了马路。
误: He acrossed the road.
正: He crossed the road.
( 2 )他步行穿过马路。
误: He walked cross the road.
正: He walked across the road.
析: cross 可以用作名词、动词或形容词,而 across 只可用作介词或副词。
10. ( 1 )她考试及格了。
误: She past her examination.
正: She passed her examination.
( 2 )在过去的几年里,我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。
误: In the pass few years, great changes have taken place in our hometown.
正: In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our hometown.
析: passed 是动词 pass 的过去式及过去分词;而 past 可作介词、名词或形容词,不可单独作谓语。
11. 我的妹妹怕蛇。
误: My sister afraids snakes.
正: My sister fears snakes.
析: afraid 是形容词,通常用 be afraid of 的形式接宾语。 fear 既是动词,又是名词。 fear 用作动词时,可直接接宾语;用作名词时,通常用 in fear of 的形式。
12. ( 1 )他独自走着。
误: He walked lonely.
正: He walked alone.
( 2 )老人常容易感到寂寞。
误: The aged feel alone very often.
正: The aged feel lonely very often.
析: lonely 是形容词,意为孤独的;寂寞的;偏僻的,侧重于感情色彩。而 alone 既可作形容词,也可作副词用。作形容词时意为独自的,并无孤单之意。
13. 他现在没有吸烟。
误: He is no smoking now.
正: He is not smoking now.
析: no 意为毫无;并非,且常用作形容词以修饰名词或动名词。 not 为副词,一般与助动词连用,否定谓语动词。当名词前有 a , all , any , both , enough , every , much , the 等修饰时须用 not .如:
He has no money.
他没有钱。
No talking is allowed during the lesson.
上课时不许说话。
We were not at home that night.
我们那天晚上不在家。
Not all of us like this dog.
我们并不全都喜欢这只狗。
They have not enough food.
他们没有足够的食物。
14. 他的演讲很好。
误: His speech is well.
正: His speech is good.
正: He spoke well.
析: well 和 good 都可表示好,但前者是副词,后者是形容词。当然, well 也可作形容词用,意为健康的。如:
I hope he is well.
我希望他身体健康。
15. ( 1 )你怎么能那样说话?
误: How can you talk as that?
正: How can you talk like that?
( 2 )他和我年龄一样大。
误: He is the same age like I.
正: He is the same age as I.
析: as 作介词用时,意为作为;用作连词时,意为和;像。 like 作介词用时,意为像。如:
He is famous as a singer.
作为一名歌唱家,他很有名。
He was dressed as (if he were) a woman.
他打扮得像个妇女。
She sings like a bird.
她唱起歌来像只小鸟。
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