高三英语词汇归类总复习之二
,drunk多作表语,drunke n多作定语) sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时,作定语) bear,bore,born(出生) bear,bore,borne(结果;生育) lie(撒谎),lied,lied,lying lie(躺,卧,位于),lay,lain,lying (89高考)Do you know the boy___________under the big tree? A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying ──── The woman,who was born in 1940,has borne five children. ── ───
二、从搭配上复习归纳词汇,过习语关
英语词汇的搭配十分活跃,复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词 或介词、副词。
我们可按下列 方式进行对比归纳。
1.常用的搭配活跃的名词
常用的搭配较活跃的名词有:time,way,moment,means等。如time的搭配 短语在中学教材中出现有:
in no time(立刻,马上),on time(按时),in time(及时、迟早),at a time(一次),behind the times(落伍),behind time(不及时,晚点),at one time(曾经),for a time(一度),at othe r times(其它时候,平素),at times (有时候),at all times(一直,经常) (93高考)If you keep on,you will succeed_____________.
A.in time B.at on time ───── C.on time D.at the same time (94高考)Don''t all speak at once!___________,please. A.Each at on time B.One by one time C.One for each time D.One at a time ────────
2.常用的搭配活跃的动词
常用的搭配活跃的动词有:
look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come等。复习时我们要 尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记忆,如 turn一词:
turn on(打开),turn off(关上),turn up(放大音量等;出现),turn down (放小音量等;拒绝) ,turn in(上交),turn ag-ainst(反对),turn out (生产),turn away(避开) (81高考)Would you mind__________your radio a little? A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn down D.turning down ───────
(92高考)Readers can_________quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A.get over B.get out of ───── C.get away D.get off
3.常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词
搭配活跃的介词、副词有:in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with 等。复习时,我们要从不同动 词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关, 如on的搭配有:
①on与动词的搭配 get on(上车/船等),live on(以为生),feed on(以为生),take on (接受;雇用),turn on(打开开关/电器等),look on(旁观),spy on(侦 察/窥探),call on(号召;拜访),go on(继续 ),have on(穿戴),depend on(依靠),wait on(侍候),carry on(执行),hold on(坚持),insi st on (坚持),play tr-icks on(戏弄),fix on(注视),impress on(留下印象) ②on与名词搭配(注意冠词的取舍)
on duty(值班),on business(因公;因事),on fire(燃烧),on show (展览),on time(准时) ,on strike(罢工),on watch(监视,观察),on sale(出售;大减价),on earth(到底,究竟),on journey(旅游),on foot(步行),on purpose(故意),on the way(在 路上),on the contrary(相 反),on one hand(一方面),on the right(在 右边),on the whole(总而言之),on one''s own(独自 ),on one''s side(支 持,站在某一方),on holiday/leave(度假/请假)
③其它情况:
later on(后来),from now/then on(从现在/那时起),on account of (由于,因为) (93高考)We offered him our congratulations_______his pa-ssing the college entrance exams. A.at B.on C.for D.of ── (91高考)A new school was___________in the village last year. A.held up B.set up ──── C.sent up D.brought up
三、从对比词/词组的同义、词序或结构等复习归纳词汇,过辨析关
1.动作动词和结果动词
英语中有些动词虽然意义相同,但用法不同,有的表示某个动作,而另一个 则表示该动作所产生的结果, 这类动词常见的有:
look for(寻找),find(找到);look(看),see(看见);listen(听), hear(听到);try(试 图,不说明是否成功),manage(设法,侧重做到);advise (劝告,不说明是否劝成),persuade(劝服, 侧重劝成功) (87高考)How can you___________if you are not__________? A.listen,hearing
B.hear,listening ──────── C.be listening,heard
D.be hearing,listened to
2.词序不同、意思就不同
有少量词组颠倒词序后意思和用法就不同了,常见的有: before long(不久以后),long before(很久以前) turn in(上交;就寝),in turn(按次序,轮流) hand in(上交),in hand(在手边) from far(来自远方),far from(离得远;远非) much too(非常,修饰形容词或副词),too much(太多,修饰名词,也可 作名词)
if only(要是),only if(只有) all in(精疲力尽),in all(总共) good for(对有好处),for good(永远) (95上海)It was__________late to catch a bus after the party,therefore we called a taxi.
A.too very
B.much too ─────
C.too much
D.far Before long,he moved to London and made London the base for ────── his revolutionar y work.
It was not long before the whole country rose up and drove ────── the Aus trians out of their homeland.
3.动词后有无介词,意思不同
因有无介词而词义不同的动词在中学英语教材中较多,常见的如: search(对人、物或场所搜查),search for(搜寻人、物或场所) leave(离开某地),leave for(去某地) reach(到达;拿到),reach for(伸手去拿) prepare(准备),prepare for(为作准备) enter(进入),enter for(报名参加) run(经营;跑),run for(竞选) stand(站;忍受),stand for(代表) answer(回答),answer for(负责) know(了解,知道),know about(知道关于) pay(付钱、债给某人),pay for(付钱买某物)
The baby reached for the apple but he couldn''t reach it.那婴儿伸手 去拿苹果,但够不到。
The mayor w
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