1、过去发生的两个动作,先发生的用过去完成时
With their help I realized that I had been wrong.
2、过去某时以前发生的动作或情况
He hasnt finished yet.
He didnt finish yesterday evening.
He hadnt finished by yesterday evening.
3、常用过去完成时的情况
①No soonerthan. Hardlywhen
No sooner had he begun his speech than he was interrupted
②expect, hope, think, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时(或一般时)表示想做而未做的事
I had planned to send him a telegram, but I didnt manage it.
4、使用过去完成时的必要性和非必要性
①句意十分清楚时,可用一般时
After I finished, I went home.
②常用一般过去时表示依次发生的动作
I got out of the taxi, paid the fare(车费) and managed it.
③有时必须明确,特别是含when时
When I arrived, Ann left.
(同时见到)(见到Ann)
When I arrived, Ann had left.
(先后发生)(没见到)
5、常用过去完成时的时间主状语
by the end of + 过去时间 ; by + 过去时间
by the time + 过去时间; 过去时间 + before
比较:
By the time he was 11, he had learned 3000 words .
By the time he is 11, he will have learned 3000 words.
By the time last week, I had learned 3000 words.
By the time next week, I will have learned 3000 words
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