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2010年高考英语语法精讲三十四:省略与替代

发布时间:2016-02-29  编辑:查字典英语网小编

Ⅰ、动词不定式中的省略

  1.在下列动词see ,watch ,notice , observe , look at , make , have ,let , hear , listen to , feel等后的不定式做宾补,要省略不定式符号。

  2.在...do nothing but / except do ...的结构中,在介词but或except后作宾语时不定式符号要省略。

3.在would rather和had better后不定式符号要省略。

4.在几个不定式并列时,第二个、第三个不定式的不定式符号要省略。

  5.在expect ,forget , like ,want , wish , try , have , need , used , ought , be able , be going 等动词和动词词组后接的不定式中,不定式符号后面的动词原形常省略。

  Ⅱ、从句中的省略

  1.在if , as if ,while , when , where , although , unless , what , whether等引起的状语从句中可以省略主谓部分。

  Mistakes, if any ,should be corrected .( = if there are any mistakes)

  Please come again ,if possible.(= if it possible for you to come)

  Fill in the proper articles where necessary.(= where they are necessary)

  He wont come ,unless invited .(= unless he is invited)

  He opened his lips as if to say something .(= as if he were going to say something)

  2. 在if引起的从句中如有等词倒装时,省略if。

  Were I you, I would not do it.

  Had we known your telephone number, I would have given you a phone call.

  3. We have finished our homework, so have they. (= and they have finished their homework , too)

  If you dont go to the concert, neither shall I. (= I shall not go to the concert either)

  4.宾语从句中连词that引起的宾语从句和定语从句中的关系代词that、which,whom等

  在定语从句中作宾与可以省略that。

  Ⅲ、介词的省略

  prevent sb (from) doing sth.

  stop sb (from) doing sth.

  have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.

  spend time / money (in) doing sth.

  be busy (in) doing sth.

  Ⅳ、替代

  省略与代替的作用是什么?

  1.so代替前面句子中已经表达过的词,短语或句子(多是宾与从句). 与so 连用的常用动词有:hope , believe, think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine等.

  2.用not代替so的情况. 

  3.用不定式符号代替不定式.

  4.用do在句子中代替其它动词.

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