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高中英语:英语中的十六个时态解析

发布时间:2016-02-29  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  (1)一般现在时

  基本形式(以do为例): 第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);

  肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;

  He works for us.

  否定句:主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形+其他;

  He doesnt work for us.

  一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。

  肯定回答:Yes,(+ 主语+do/does).

  否定回答:No,(+主语+dont/doesnt.)

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语

  Does he work for us?

  Yes, he does.

  No, he doesnt

  What does he do for us?

  He works for us.

  (2)一般过去时

  be动词+行为动词的过去式

  否定句式:在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not;

  was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词

  例如: Did he work for us?

  He didnt work for us.

  He worked for us.

  (3)一般将来时

  am/are/is+going to+do 或

  will/shall+do

  am/is/are/about to + do

  am/is/are to + do;

  一般将来时的表达方法

  be going to +动词原形

  be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形

  be able to +不定式

  be about to+动词原形

  will + 动词原形;

  例如:He is going to work for us.

  He will work for us;

  He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达 将来时态 的例子!!

  (4)过去将来时

  be(was,were)going to+动词原形

  be(was,were)about to+动词原形

  be(was,were)to+动词原形

  肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.

  否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.

  疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?

  肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.

  否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.

  疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?

  He would work for us.

  (5)现在进行时

  主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)

  表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。

  例如:I am buying a book.

  第一人称+am+doing+sth

  第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)

  第三人称+is+doing+sth

  例:He is working.

  (6)过去进行时

  肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它

  否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它

  一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 ;答语:Yes,I主语+was/were./No,I主语

  +wasnt/werent.

  特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它

  He was working when he was alive.

  (7)将来进行时

  主语+will + be +现在分词

  He will be working for us.=He will work for us.

  (8)过去将来进行时

  should(would)+be+现在分词

  He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.   (9)现在完成时

  基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)

  ①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

  ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他

  ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

  ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他

  He has worked for us for ten years.

  Has he worked for us for ten years.

  (10)过去完成时

  基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)

  ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他

  ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他

  ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他

  肯定回答:Yes,主语+had

  否定回答:No,主语+hadnt

  ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)

  语法判定:

  ( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:

  I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.

  ( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:

  We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

  ( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:

  They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

  (11)将来完成时

  (shall)will+have+动词过去分词

  before+将来时间或by+将来时间

  before或by the time引导的现在时的从句

  He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.

  (12)过去将来完成时

  should / would have done sth.

  He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.

  (13)现在完成进行时

  基本与现在完成时相同,但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念

  have/has been +-ing 分词

  He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.

  (14)过去完成进行时

  had been +-ing 分词

  He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.

  (15)将来完成进行时

  主语+ shall/will have been doing

  He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.

  翻译为:他最近一直在为我们工作(过去在工作,现在在工作,将来还会工作)

  (16)过去将来完成进行时

  should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称

  would have been+现在分词用于其他人称

  He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.

  举例:

  英语中有12个主要时态,都来自于三时(过去、现在、将来)

  现在以I listen为例,举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示:

  一般现在时:I listen

  现在进行时:I am listening

  过去进行时:I was listening

  现在完成时:I have listened

  现在完成进行时:I have been listening

  一般将来时:I shall listen或I will listen.

  将来进行时:I shall be listening

  一般过去时:I listened

  过去完成时:I had listened

  过去完成进行时:I had been listening

  将来完成时: I shall have listened

  将来完成进行时: I shall have been listening

  英语中不存在属格

  一个普遍的误解是在英语中只存在一个以s结尾表示所属的属格。然而,语言学家已经表明英语的所有格完全不是一个格,而是一个独立的词并且在书写和发音上都不是前一个词的一部分,这可以有下面这个句子表明:The King of Spartas wife was called Helen.(斯巴达国王的妻子叫做海伦。)如果s是属格,那么妻子(wife)就属于斯巴达(Sparta),但是s并不是只表示斯巴达(Sparta),而是表示斯巴达国王(King of Sparta)。

  上面这个例子并不表明英语没有自己的属格;但是它现在已经发展成为另一个形式。在古英语中,ban的属格形式是banes。后来在现代英语中,这个发展成为了使用s表示的bones。在18世纪,人们对此的解释是省略号代替了一个属格代词,就像the Kings horse是the King, his horse的缩写。但是这个解释是不正确的。人们更相信是省略号代替了古英语中的e。

  英语和与格

  在现代英语中,与格不再是英语语法的一部分,它只出现在一些表达用语中。一个很好的例子是单词methinks(据我看来)。它来源于古英语的与格形式变化:me(与格的人称代词)+thinks(to seem,与动词词组to think很接近的一个词组)。 与格在英语中可以不要前置词,例如在He built me a snowman.中一样。在这个例子中,me是与格。

  英语中不可把被动语态作为一种时态

  在部分英语教材中,由于编者自身对被动语态的理解或其他原因,错误的将被动语态当成一种时态,但其实,被动语态是一种语态,不可能当作时态。在英国,这是一个常识。因此,在英国,如果有人犯了这种错误,简直是贻笑大方。   (1)一般现在时

  基本形式(以do为例): 第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);

  肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;

  He works for us.

  否定句:主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形+其他;

  He doesnt work for us.

  一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他。

  肯定回答:Yes,(+ 主语+do/does).

  否定回答:No,(+主语+dont/doesnt.)

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语

  Does he work for us?

  Yes, he does.

  No, he doesnt

  What does he do for us?

  He works for us.

  (2)一般过去时

  be动词+行为动词的过去式

  否定句式:在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not;

  was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词

  例如: Did he work for us?

  He didnt work for us.

  He worked for us.

  (3)一般将来时

  am/are/is+going to+do 或

  will/shall+do

  am/is/are/about to + do

  am/is/are to + do;

  一般将来时的表达方法

  be going to +动词原形

  be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形

  be able to +不定式

  be about to+动词原形

  will + 动词原形;

  例如:He is going to work for us.

  He will work for us;

  He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达 将来时态 的例子!!

  (4)过去将来时

  be(was,were)going to+动词原形

  be(was,were)about to+动词原形

  be(was,were)to+动词原形

  肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.

  否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.

  疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?

  肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.

  否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.

  疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?

  He would work for us.

  (5)现在进行时

  主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)

  表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。

  例如:I am buying a book.

  第一人称+am+doing+sth

  第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)

  第三人称+is+doing+sth

  例:He is working.

  (6)过去进行时

  肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它

  否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它

  一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 ;答语:Yes,I主语+was/were./No,I主语

  +wasnt/werent.

  特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它

  He was working when he was alive.

  (7)将来进行时

  主语+will + be +现在分词

  He will be working for us.=He will work for us.

  (8)过去将来进行时

  should(would)+be+现在分词

  He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.

  

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