牛津实用英语语法:363 动词+介词／副词的组合

　　account

　　account for(tr)(为某事)给出充分的理由，圆满地解释(某种行为或某项支出)，做出交代：

　　A treasurer must account for the money he spends.

　　财务负责人必须对他支付的款项做出交代。

　　He has behavd in the most extraordinary way;I cant account for hisactions at all/I cant account for his behaving like that.

　　他的行为极为奇怪，我完全无法解释他的行动/我无法为他那样的举动做出解释。

　　allow

　　allow for(tr)预先为某事留有余地，考虑到(常指某种额外的需要、支出、耽搁等)：

　　It is 800 kilometres and I drive at 100 k.p.h.， so Ill be there in eighthours.

　　But youll have to allow for delays going through towns and for stopsfor refuelling.

　　距离是800公里，而我的车速是每小时100公里，因此我八小时后可以到那里。

　　可是你得把通过市镇和停车加油所耽搁的时间考虑进去。

　　Allowing for depreciation your car should be worth￡2，000 this timenext year.

　　如果考虑到折旧，你的车明年此时应当值2，000英镑。

　　answer

　　answer back(intr)，answer somebody back反驳别人的责难，回嘴顶撞：

　　Father：Why were you so late last night? You werent in till2 a.m.

　　父亲：你昨晚回家为什么这么晚?你直到凌晨两点钟才回来。

　　Son：You should have been asleep.

　　儿子：那时候你本该睡着了。

　　Father：Dont answer me back.Answer my question.

　　父亲：别跟我顶嘴。回答我的问题。

　　ask

　　ask after/for somebody 探询有关的信息，(向第三者)问某人健康如何：

　　I met Tom at the party;he asked after you.

　　我在聚会上遇见了汤姆;他问你好。(问你健康如何/问你过得怎么样)

　　ask for

　　(a)寻找某人并想和他/她说话，要求见到某人：

　　Go to the office and ask for my secretary.

　　到办公室去，找我的秘书。

　　(b)要求，索要：

　　The men asked for more pay and shorter hours.

　　工人们要求增加工资，减少工时。

　　ask someone in(宾语在in之前)请某人进来：

　　He didnt ask me in;he kept me standing at the door while he read the message.

　　他没有让我进去;他径自看那张条子，让我站在门口等着。

　　ask someone out(宾语在out之前)请某人出去参加娱乐活动或吃饭(特别是在公众地方吃饭)：

　　She had a lot of friends and was usually asked out in the evenings，so she seldom spent an evening at home.

　　她有很多朋友，晚上常被邀请外出，因此她晚上很少在家里呆着。

　　back

　　back away(intr)慢慢地退回去(因为遇到某种危险或不愉快的事)：

　　When he took a gun out everyone backd away nervously.

　　他拿出枪来时，大家都紧张地向后退去。

　　back out(intr)退出(某事先已同意的联合行动)，停止或拒绝给予所允诺的帮助或支持：

　　He agreed to help but backed out when he found how difficult it was.

　　他本来同意给予帮助的，但在发现事情有多么困难之后就打退堂鼓了。

　　back somebody up从道义上或行动上支持：

　　The headmaster never backed up his staff.(backed them up)If a parentcomplained about a teacher he assumed that the teacher was in thewrong.

　　校长从来不给教员们撑腰。凡是有家长给老师提意见时，他总是认为一定是老师不对。

　　be

　　be against(tr)反对(常带动名词)：

　　Im for doing nothing till the police arrive./Im against doing anythingtill the police arrive.

　　我赞成在警察来到以前不采取行动。/我反对在警察到来以前采取任何行动。

　　be away(intr)(至少有一个晚上)不在家，不在某地

　　be back(intr)在长期或短暂地离开之后回到原地：

　　I want to see Mrs Pitt.Is she in?

　　No，Im afraid shes out at the moment./No，Im afraid shes awayfor the weekend.

　　When will she be back?

　　Shell be back in half an hour/next week.

　　我想见皮特夫人。她在吗?

　　不，恐怕她现在不在。/不，我想她外出度周末了。

　　她什么时候回来?

　　她半小时后/下周回来。

　　be for(tr)赞成(常带动名词)

　　be in(intr)在家或在某个建筑物内

　　be in for(tr)将要遇上(常跟某种令人不愉快的事)：

　　Did you listen to the weather forecast? Im afraid were in for a bumpyflight.

　　你听气象预报没有?恐怕我们这次航班要很颠簸。

　　If you think that the work is going to be easy youre in for a shock.

　　如果你以为这工作将容易，那么你可要大吃一惊了。

　　be out(intr)短时间不在家/不在某个建筑物里，但并不在外过夜

　　be over(intr)结束：

　　The storm is over now;we can go on.

　　暴风雨过去了;我们可以继续走了。

　　be up(intr)起床了：

　　Dont expect her to answer the doorbell at eight oclock on Sundaymorning.She wont be up.

　　星期日早上8点钟时，别指望她听见门铃响会来开门。她那时还没有起床呢。

　　be up to(tr)体力或智力足以(宾语常用it，但也可用动名词)：

　　After his illness the Minister continued in office though he was no longerup to the work/up to doing the work.

　　部长生病后继续任职，但他已力不胜任了。

　　be up to something/some mischief/some trick/no good从事或忙于某种调皮的、不正道的或有害的事/捣鬼：

　　Dont trust him;he is up to something/some trick.

　　别信他;他在搞鬼/在耍诡计。

　　The boys are very quiet.I wonder what they are up to.

　　男孩子们无声无息了。我不知他们在捣什么鬼。

　　注意：这里up to的宾语常是某一很不确定的词语，如上面例句所示。这个习语从来不与某一具体明确的事连用。

　　it is up to someone(常带动词不定式)此事是某人的职责：

　　It is up to the government to take action on violence.

　　采取行动对付暴力行为，是政府职责所在。

　　I have helped you as much as I can. Now it is up to you.

　　我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。(你得靠自己的努力干下去。)

　　bear

　　bear out(tr)证实，提供证明：

　　This report bears out my theory.(bears my theory out/bears it out)

　　这报告证实了我的理论。

　　bear up(intr)听到坏消息仍能勇敢支撑，掩饰感情或忧伤：

　　The news of her death was a great shock to him but he bore up bravely and none of us realized how much he felt it.

　　她故去的消息对他来讲是个打击，但他勇敢地支撑着，我们谁也没意识到他的感受该有多么强烈。

　　blow

　　blow out(tr)吹熄：

　　The wind blew out the candle.(blew the candle out/blew it out)

　　风吹灭了蜡烛。

　　blow up(tr/intr)

　　(a)用爆炸的方法毁灭，爆炸，被毁：

　　They blew up the bridges so that the enemy couldnt follow them.(blew the bridges up/blew them up)

　　他们炸毁了桥，好让敌人不能追上他们。

　　Just as we got to the bridge it blew up.

　　我们刚到桥头，桥就炸掉了。

　　(b)充气，打气，使膨胀：

　　The children blew up their balloons and threw them into the air.( blew the balloons up/blew them up)

　　孩子们把气球吹鼓了，扔向空中。

　　boil

　　boil away(intr)(液体)因沸腾而挥发完，熬干：

　　I put the kettle on the gas ring and then went away and forgot about it.

　　When I returned， the water had all boiled away and the flame had burnta hole in the kettle.

　　我把壶放在煤气灶上，然后就走开把这事忘掉了。我回来时，水都烧干了，火把壶底烧出了一个窟窿。

　　boil over(intr)(液体因沸腾而)溢到容器外面：

　　The milk boiled over and there was a horrible smell of burning.

　　牛奶潽了，烧糊的味道极为难闻。

　　break

　　break down a door etc.用强力敲破或撞破：

　　The firemen had to break down the door to get into the burning house.

　　(break the door down/break it down)

　　消防员不得不破门而入以便到着火的房子里边去。

　　break down figures将一数目分别列在不同项目下以作进一步说明：

　　You say that 10，000 people use this library.Could you break that downinto age-groups?

　　你说有10，000人使用这所图书馆。你能否按年龄组将数字分解一下?(即说出有多少人是25岁以下的，有多少人是50岁以上的等等)

　　break down(intr)由于有缺陷或强度不够而坏掉或不再正常运作：

　　(a)常指人暂时感情支持不住：

　　He broke down when telling me about his sons tragic death.

　　他向我谈到他儿子惨死的事时，不能自已了。(他失声痛哭了。)

　　(b)指丧失精神上的抵抗力：

　　At first he refused to admit his guilt but when he was shown the evidencehe broke down and confessed.

　　起初他否认有罪，但给他看证据时，他招架不住而供认了。

　　(c)指身体健康状况严重恶化：

　　After years of overwork his health broke down and he had to retire.

　　在多年劳累之后，他的身体垮了，只好退休。

　　(d)常指机器坏了：

　　The car broke down when we were driving through the desert and it tookus two days to repair it.

　　我们驾车横越沙漠时，汽车坏了，花了两天才修好。

　　(e)指交涉或谈判的破裂：

　　The negotiations broke down because neither side would compromise.

　　因为双方都不肯妥协，谈判破裂了。

　　break in(intr)， break into(tr)

　　(a)用暴力强行进入：

　　Thieves broke in and stole the silver.

　　窃贼破门而入，偷走了银器。

　　The house was broken into when the owner was on holiday.

　　屋主外出度假时，有贼破门而入。

　　(b)突然说话打断别人：

　　I was telling them about my travels when he broke in with a story of hisown.

　　我正在告诉他们我旅途中的事，他忽然插嘴讲起他自己的故事来。

　　break in a young horse/pony etc.(tr)训练(马等)以供驾驭使用：

　　You cannot ride or drive a horse safely before he has been broken in.

　　在没有把马训练好以前，不管骑它还是用它驾车都是不安全的。

　　break off(tr/intr)解开，破开，使分裂开或自己破裂开：

　　He took a bar of chocolate and broke off a bit.(broke a bit off/broke itoff)

　　他拿出一板巧克力，掰下了一小块。

　　A piece of rock broke off and fell into the pool at the foot of the cliff.

　　一块岩石断裂开，掉到悬崖脚下的池塘里。

　　break off(tr)终止，停止，取消(常跟协议、协商或谈判等)：

　　Ann has broken off her engagement to Tom.(broken her engagement off/broken it off)

　　安已经取消了同汤姆的婚约。

　　break off(intr)突然停止说话，突然住口：

　　They were in the middle of an argument but broke off when someonecame into the room.

　　他们正争吵不休，但有人进屋时他们突然住口了。

　　break out(intr)

　　(a)开始，爆发(常用于诸如战争、流行病、火灾等不好的事)：

　　War broke out on 4 Angust.

　　战争于8月4日爆发。

　　(b)用暴力方法从监狱等地逃出：

　　They locked him up in a room but he broke out.

　　他们把他锁在一间屋里，可是他强行逃出了。(砸开门跑掉了)

　　The police are looking for two men who broke out of prison last night.

　　警方正在搜捕昨天晚上越狱逃跑的两名男子。

　　break up(tr/intr)(使)瓦解，(使)解体：

　　If that ship stays there she will break up/she will be broken up by thewaves.

　　那艘船如果停泊在那里，就会破的/会被浪头打散的。

　　The old ship was towed away to be broken up and sold as scrap.

　　那艘旧船被拖走以便拆散当废铁卖了。

　　Divorce breaks up a lot of families.(breaks families up/breaks them up)

　　离婚拆散了许多家庭。

　　break up(intr)(用于学校的学期、会议、聚会等)散会，放假：

　　The school broke up on 30 July and all the boys went home for the holi- days.

　　学校在7月30日放假了，男孩子们都回家度假去了。

　　The meeting broke up in confusion.

　　会议在一片混乱中散了。

　　bring

　　bring someone round(tr;宾语常位于round之前)

　　(a)说服某人接受以前所反对的建议：

　　After a lot of argument I brought him round to my point of view.

　　在争辩了很久之后，我说服他转念同意了我的看法。

　　(b)使恢复知觉：

　　She fainted with the pain but a little brandy soon brought her round.

　　她痛得昏厥了，但是一小点白兰地很快使她恢复了知觉。

　　bring a person or thing round(tr;宾语常位于 round之前)把人或物带到某人的住所去：

　　I have finished that book that you lent me; Ill bring it round(to your house)tonight.

　　你借给我的书我已经看完了;我今晚上把它带(到你家里)来。

　　bring up(tr)

　　(a)教育培养儿童：

　　She brought up her children to be truthful.(brought her children up/brought them up)

　　她教导她的孩子们要真诚无欺。

　　(b)提起，谈到：

　　At the last committee meeting，the treasurer brought up the question of raising the annual subscription.(brought the question up/brought it up)

　　委员会上一次开会时，财务主管提出了提高会员年费的问题。

　　burn

　　burn down(tr/intr)(完全)焚毁(指建筑物)：

　　The mob burnt down the embassy.(burnt the embassy down/burnt it down)

　　乱民把大使馆焚毁了。

　　The hotel burnt down before help came.

　　旅馆在援助到来以前就烧毁了。

　　call

　　1 call走访，拜访

　　call at。走访一个地方：

　　I called at the bank and arranged to transfer some money.

　　我到银行去了一下，安排了款项过户的事宜。

　　call for到一个地方去取物或接人：

　　I am going to a pop concert with Tom.He is calling for me at eightso I must be ready then.

　　我要和汤姆去听流行歌曲音乐会。他8点钟来接我，因此我必须届时准备好。

　　Lets leave our suitcases in the left luggage office and call for themlater on when we have the car.

　　咱们可以把行李存放在行李暂存处，等以后有车用时再来取。

　　call in(intr)同 look in和口语化的 drop in意思一样，是来访，来坐坐的意思：

　　Call in/Look in on your way home and tell me how the interviewwent.

　　你回家的路上来看我一下，告诉我面谈进行得如何。

　　call on拜访某人：

　　He called on all the housewives in the area and asked them to sign thepetition.

　　他走访了这一地区的所有主妇，要求他们在请愿书上签名。

　　2 call for/in/on的其他意思

　　call for(tr)要求，需要(这里的主语常是一个不用来指人的单词或短语，如 the situation形势/this sort of work这种工作/this此事等，宾语则常是一个表示某种性质的词，如 courage勇气/patience耐心/a steady hand稳当不抖的手)：

　　The situation calls for tact.

　　对付这一形势要有策略。

　　Youve got the job! This calls for a celebration.

　　你得到这份工作了!这需要庆祝一下。

　　但这里也可以用一个用来指人的主语：

　　The workers are calling for strike action.

　　工人们正要求采取罢工行动。

　　The relations of the dead men are calling for an inquiry.

　　死者们的亲属要求调查真相。

　　call in a person/call a person in派人去找某人来/请某人来家服务(send for比call in更显得主语权势大，因此callin是更有礼貌的说法)：

　　It was too late to call in an electrician.(call an electrician in/call him in)

　　找电工来已太晚了。

　　There is some mystery about his death; the police have been calledin.

　　他的死有点儿蹊跷;已经去找警察来了。

　　call on somebody(常带动词不定式)要某人做某事/要某人给予帮助(较为正式的提出要求的方式，主要用于正式场合或演讲中，意味着提出要求的人认为所号召的事是另一人的责任)：

　　The president called upon his people to make sacrifices for the good oftheir country.

　　总统号召人民为祖国的利益做出牺牲。

　　The chairman called on the secretary to read the minutes of the lastmeeting.

　　主席要求秘书朗读上次会议的记录。

　　3 call的其他词组

　　call off(tr)取消尚未开始的事，放弃已在进行中的事：

　　They had to call off the match as the ground was too wet to play on.

　　(call the match off/call it off)

　　因为场地太湿无法比赛，人们不得不取消这次比赛。

　　When the fog got thicker the search was called off.

　　雾愈来愈浓了，只得放弃了搜索。

　　call out(tr)召唤某人出来处理外面的事(常用于指部队被召集走出营房对付民众骚乱)：

　　The police couldnt control the mob so troops were called out.

　　警察无法控制乱民，因此出动了军队。

　　The Fire Brigade was called out several times on the night of 5 November to put out fires started by fireworks.

　　11月5日晚上，消防队多次奉召出动，以扑灭因燃放焰火而引起的火灾。

　　Doctors dont much like being called out at night.

　　医生们不太喜欢夜间出诊。

　　call up(tr)

　　(a)征去服兵役：

　　In countries where there is conscription men are called up at the age of eighteen.(call up men/call men up/call them up)

　　在实行征兵制的国家里，18岁的男子要应征服役。

　　(b)给打电话：

　　I called Tom up and told him the news.(calld up Tom/called him up)

　　我给汤姆打电话，把消息告诉他了。

　　care

　　not to care about(tr)对淡漠，不关心：

　　The professor said that he was interested only in research;he didnt really care about students.

　　教授说他只对研究感兴趣;他并不真的关心学生。

　　care for(tr)

　　(a)喜欢(很少用于肯定句)：

　　He doent care for films about war.

　　他不喜欢战争影片。

　　(b)照看(除被动态外，较少使用)：

　　The house looked well cared for(=had been well looked after/was ingood condition).

　　房子看起来照管得很好。

　　carry

　　carry on(intr)继续(常指工作或职责)：

　　I cant carry on alone any longer;Ill have to get help.

　　我无法再一个人继续下去了;我得找人帮忙。

　　carry on with(tr)与上用法相似：

　　The doctor told her to carry on with the treatment.

　　医生告诉她应该继续这种疗法。

　　carry out(tr)履行(职责)，服从(命令)，执行(指令)，(把威胁要做的事)付诸行动：

　　You are not meant to think for yourself;you are here to carry out my or-ders.

　　你们的职责不是自己思考;叫你们来这里是要你们执行我的命令。

　　The Water Board carried out their threat to cut off our water supply.

　　自来水公司董事会把他们的威胁付诸行动，停止供应我们水了。(他们威胁要这样做，也真的这样做了。)

　　He read the instructions but he didnt carry them out.

　　他看了指示，但没有遵照执行。

　　catch

　　catch up with(tr)，catch up(tr/intr)赶上但没超过：

　　I started last in the race but I soon caught up with the others.(caught them up/cautht up)

　　我在赛跑中最后一个起跑，但不久就赶上了其他人。

　　Youve missed a whole term;youll have to work hard to catch up withthe rest of the class.(catch them up/catch up)

　　你缺了整整一学期的课，得努力学习以便赶上同班的其他人。

　　clean

　　clean out(tr) a room/cupboard/drawer etc.彻底清理打扫(房间/碗柜/抽屉等)：

　　I must clean out the spare room.(clean the spare room out/clean it out)

　　我得把那间备用房(客房)彻底清扫一下。

　　clean up(tr) a mess， eg. anything spilt清扫(脏物，如撒出的东西)：

　　Clean up any spilt paint.(clean the spilt paint up/clean it up)

　　如果有溅出来的油漆，把它收拾干净。

　　clean up(intr)同上用法相同：

　　These painters always clean up when theyve finished.

　　这几位油漆工完工之后总要把场地打扫干净。

　　clear

　　clear away(tr)把物件拿开以便腾出地方：

　　Could you clear away these papers?(clear these papers away/clear them away)

　　你能不能把这些文件清除开?

　　clear away(intr)散开：

　　The clouds soon cleared away and it became quite warm.

　　云很快就散开了，天气变得相当暖和。

　　clear off(intr)走开(指室外) clear out(intr)走开(指室内)二者都是口语用法;作为命令时这样说是相当不礼貌的：

　　You clear off， said the farmer angrily.Youve no right to put your caravans in my field without even asking my permission.

　　你们给我走开，农民愤怒地说，你们没有权利连我的许可都没征得就把住人的大篷车停在我的地里。

　　Clear out! If I find you in this building again，Ill report you to the po-lice.

　　走开!你要再到这幢建筑里来，我就将你报警了。

　　clear out(tr)把(房间/碗柜/抽屉等)腾空以便放别的东西：

　　Ill clear out this drawer and you can put your things in it.( clear this drawer out/clear it out)

　　我会把这个抽屉腾空，这样你就能把你的东西放在里面了。

　　clear up(intr)有云或雨后天晴了：

　　The sky looks a bit cloudy now but I think it will clear up.

　　现在天看来有点阴，但我想天会晴的。

　　clear up(tr/intr)收拾整齐干净：

　　When you are cooking its best to clear up as you go，instead of leaving everything to the end and having a terrible pile of things to deal with.

　　烹调时，最好是边干边收拾，而不要把活留到最后而剩下一大堆东西要打扫收拾。

　　Clear up this mess.(clear this mess up/clear it up)

　　把这堆乱糟糟的东西收拾干净。

　　clear up(tr)

　　(a)完成(某种尚待完成的工作)：

　　I have some letters which I must clear up before I leave tonight.

　　有几封信我今天晚上走以前必须写完。

　　(b)侦破(不可思议的怪事、案件等)：

　　In a great many detective stories when the police are baffled an amateurdetective comes along and clears up the mystery.(clears it up)

　　在许多侦探小说中，当警察束手无策时，来了个业余侦探，把案子给破了。

　　close

　　close down(tr/intr)永远关闭，停业(指商店或买卖等)：

　　Trade was so bad that many small shops closed down and big shops closedsome of their branches down.(closed down some branches/closed themdown)

　　市面很差，许多小店停业了，大商店也关了一些分店。

　　close in(intr)逼近，从四面凑近(常用于雾、夜色、敌人等)：

　　As the mist was closing in we decided to stay where we were.

　　由于雾越来越逼近，我们决定留在原地不动。

　　close up(intr)缩小间距(指一行人)：

　　If you children closed up a bit thered be room for another one on thisseat.

　　你们几个孩子要是挤一挤，这座位上还能加一个人。

　　come

　　come across/upon(tr)碰巧发现，碰巧找到：

　　When I was looking for my passport I came across these old photographs.

　　我在找护照时碰巧找到了这些旧相片。

　　come along/on(intr)和我一起来，陪伴我去(常用来敦促犹豫不决的人或拖拖拉拉的人)：

　　Come on，or well be late.

　　快点，否则我们要迟到了。

　　come away(intr)(和我一起)走/离开：

　　Come away now， Its time to go home.

　　快走吧。该回家了。

　　come away/off(intr)自行脱落：

　　When I pickd up the teapot the handle came away in my hand.

　　我拿起茶壶时，茶壶掉了而只剩茶壶柄在我手里。

　　come in(intr)，come into( tr)进入：

　　Someone knocked at my door and I said，Come in.

　　有人敲我的门，我说：进来。

　　Come into the garden and Ill show you my roses.

　　到花园里来，我给你看我的玫瑰花。

　　come off(intr)

　　(a)(计划或阴谋)成功(用于否定句)：

　　Im afraid that scheme of yours wont come off.It needs more capitalthan you have available.

　　恐怕你那个计划不会成功。它需要的投资不是你能拿得出来的。

　　(b) 发生，按预先安排的那样发生：

　　When is the wedding coming off?

　　Next June.

　　婚礼什么时候举行?

　　6月份。

　　如果我们说The duchess was to have opened the bazaar(公爵夫人本来是要为义卖主持开幕仪式的)，我们的意思是说计划是那样订的，但没有实现(她本安排好要去为它揭幕，但后来不得不取消这一安排)。

　　(c)(话剧、展览等)结束一轮演出或展出：

　　Lady windermeres Fanis coming off next week.Youd better hurryif you want to see it.

　　《少奶奶的扇子》下周要结束演出了。你要想看的话得抓紧点。

　　come out(intr)

　　(a)被揭露或发觉(这里的主语常是the truth真相/the facts事实/the whol story 全部内情等;并且一般指有关人士想竭力掩盖的事实即丑闻等)：

　　They deceived everybody till they quarrelled among themselves;then onepublicly denounced the others and the whole truth came out.

　　他们把大家都骗了，直到后来内讧起来，其中一个人公开揭发了别人，这才真相大白。