牛津实用英语语法 75指物的限定性关系从句

　　A主语

　　用which或that，而which较正式：

　　This is the picture which/that cansed such a sensation.

　　这就是那部轰动一时的电影。

　　The stairs which/that lead to the cellar are rather slippery.

　　通向地窖的楼梯相当滑。

　　(另参见下面B。)

　　B动词的宾语

　　用which，that或干脆省略关系代词：

　　The car which/that I hired broke down.或：

　　我租用的那辆小汽车抛锚了。

　　The car I hired

　　一般在all，everything，little，much，none，no，由no构成的复合词及形容词的最高级形式之后很少使用which，而常用that。如果这个关系代词是动词的宾语时也可省略：

　　All the apples that fall are eaten by the pigs.

　　掉在地上的苹果都让猪吃了。

　　This is the best hotel(that) I know.

　　这是我所知道的最好的饭店。

　　C介词的宾语

　　规范的结构是介词+which，但通常都把介词移到从句的末尾，用关系代词which，that或干脆省去关系代词：

　　The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.

　　我脚下的梯子开始向下滑动。或：

　　The ladder which/that I was standing on began to slip.

　　The ladder I was standing on began to slip.

　　D所有格

　　可以用whose+从句这种结构，但通常是用with+短语这种结构来代替它：

　　a house whose walls were made of glass用玻璃做墙的房子

　　a house with glass walls(译文同上)

　　E关系副词

　　用when，where，why。

　　注意：when可以代替用于指时间的in/on which：

　　the year when(=in which)he was born他出生的那一年

　　the day when(=on which)they arrived他们到达的那一天

　　where可以代替用于指地点的in/at which：the hotel/where(=in/at which) they were staying他们当时住的旅店why可代替for which：

　　The reason why he refused is

　　他拒绝的理由是

　　when，where和why有这种用法时叫做关系副词。