away,everywhere,here,nowhere,somehere,there等
A 在句中没有宾语的情况下,以上这些副词通常放在动词之后:
She went away.
她走开了。
He lives abroad.
他住在国外。
Bill is upstairs.
比尔在楼上。
它们也可放在动词+宾语或动词+介词+宾语之后:
She sent him away.
她把他送走了。
I looked for it everywhere.
我哪儿都找过了。
由介词+名词/代词/副词组成的副词短语也按上述词序规则处理:
The parrot sat on a perch.
鹦鹉停歇在栖木上。
He stood in the doorway.
他站在门口。
He lives near me.
他住得离我近。
另参见下面E。
B somewhere和anywhere的用法遵循与some和any相关的基本规则:
Ive seen that man somewhere.
我在什么地方看到过那个男人。
can you see my key anywhere?
No,I cant see it anywhere.
你在什么地方看到我的钥匙吗?
没有,我在哪儿也没看见你的钥匙。
Are you going anywhere?
你要出去吗?(一般地问一下)
Are you going somewhere?
你要出去吧?(我认为你要出去)
但nowhere一般不位于这一位置,除非用于to get nowhere这个习语中,意为达不到什么目的,得不到任何效果:
Threatening people will get you nowhere.
吓唬别人帮不了你的忙。(吓唬别人不会让你得到什么好处。)但可用于简短的答语:
Where are you going?
Nowhere.
你去哪儿?
哪儿也不去。
在正规英语中,nowhere可放在句首,后面动词应该倒装:Nowhere will you find better roses than these.在哪儿你也找不到比这些更好的玫瑰花了。
C here和there后可跟be/come/go+作主语的名词:
Heres Tom.
汤姆在这里。
Theres Ann.
安在那里。
Here comes the train.
火车来了。
There goes our bus.
我们要乘的车刚走。
here和there这样用要比here/there用在动词之后更表示强调。而且通常在含义上也有所不同。Tom is here(汤姆在这里)意为他在这个屋子/楼/城市里等。但是,Heres Tom(汤姆在这儿)有他刚出现或我们刚发现他的含义。Tom comes here(汤姆来这儿了)意为他习惯于来这儿。但是,Here comes Tom有他正在来到或刚刚到达的含义。
如果主语是人称代词,那么动词就应按惯例放在句首:
There he is.
他在那儿。
Here I am.
我在这儿。
Here it comes.
它来了。
但someone和something应放在动词之后:
Theres someone who can help you.
真有一个人能帮助你。
注意:同句中there不重读时,意为存在一个能帮助你的人。(参见第117节。)
D 给朋友打电话时,为了说明是谁在打电话,用姓名+here:
Ann(on phone):Is that you,Tom?Ann here./This is Ann.
安(打电话时):汤姆,是你吗?我是安。
但绝不能说成Ann is here或Here is Ann。
E 副词away,down,in,off,out,over,round,up等都可与动态动词+作主语的名词连用:
Away went the runners.
赛跑选手们跑远了。
Down fell a dozen apples.
掉下来十来个苹果。
Out sprang the cuckoo.
飞出了一只布谷鸟。
Round and round flew the plane.
飞机盘旋着。
但如果主语是代词,则应放在动词之前:
Away they went.
他们跑远了。
Round and round it flew.
它盘旋着飞。
这种语序要比主语+动词+副词更生动,但意思是相同的。
F 在书面英语中,由down,from,in,on,over,out of,round,up等介词引导的副词短语后面可跟表示姿势的动词(如crouch,hang,lie,sit,stand等)和表示行动的动词(如be born,die,live),有时还可以跟其他一些动词:
From the rafters hung strings of onions.
房梁上挂着一串串洋葱。
In the doorway stood a man with a gun.
门口站着一个手持一枝枪的男人。
On a perch beside him sat a blue parrot.
在他旁边的栖木上栖着一只蓝色的鹦鹉。
Over the wall came a shower of stones.
墙那边飞过来了纷如雨下的石块。
以上的前三个句子也可以用分词和be动词形式来表示:
Hanging from the rafters were strings of onions.
Standing in the doorway was a man with a gun.
Sitting on a perch beside him was a blue parrot.
但上面的最后一个例句不能用分词形式,除非落石如雨的情
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