Al some和any意为某一个数目或某一定的量。它们或和复数名词或不可数名词连用,或代替这些名词。(关于some/any与单数名词连用请参见下面C。)
some可以是a/an和one的复数形式:
Have a biscuit/some biscuits.
吃一块/一些饼干。
I ate a date/some dates.
我吃了一个/一些枣。
some,any和none可以和of+the/this/these/those/所有格代词/人称代词连用:
Some of the staff can speak Japanese.
一些工作人员会讲日语。
Did any of your photos come out well?
你的照片有照得好的吗?
2 some可以有下列各种用法:
与肯定动词连用:
They bought some honey.
他们买了些蜂蜜。
用于可预料答语为是的问句中:
Did some of you sleep on the floor?
你们有人睡在了地板上吗?(我想会是这样。)
用于表示建议及要求的句子中:
Would you like some wine?
你想喝点葡萄酒吗?
Could you do some typing for me?
你能给我用打点字吗?
(另参见C。)
3 any用于以下情况:
用于否定句中:
I havent any matches.
我没有火柴。
与hardly,barely,scarcely连用(这些词的含义几乎是否定的):
I have hardly any spare time.
我简直没有空闲时间。
在without any(=with no)结构中,与without连用。
He crossed the frontier without any difficulty/with no difficulty.
他毫无困难地越过了边界。
用于除上文所述之外的疑问句中:
Have you got any money?
你有钱吗?
Did he catch any fish?
他抓到鱼了吗?
用在if/whether之后以及表示怀疑的说法中:
If you need any more money,please let me know.
如果你还需要钱,就告诉我。
I dont think there is any petrol in the tank.
我想油箱里没有汽油了。
(参见下面C。)
B no(形容词)和none(代词)
no和none可以与肯定动词连用,表示否定:
I have no apples.I had some last year but I have none this year.
我没有苹果。去年我有一些,但今年我一个也没有了。
no+名词可以作主语:
No work was done.
没有干什么活儿。
No letter(s) arrived.
一封信也没来。
none可以作主语,但不常见:
We expected letters,but none came.
我们在等信,可是一封也没来。
none+of作主语的情况较为常见:
None of the tourists wanted to climb the mountain.
没有一个游客想爬山。
C some和any与可数名词的单数形式连用
some可以用来表示一个未指明的或未知的人或物:
Some idiot parked his car outside my garage.
有一个蠢货把车子停在我的车库外面了。
some+名词后面加上or other表示强调说话人不太感兴趣:
He doesnt believe in conventional medicine;he has some remedy or otherof his own.
他不相信传统医术;他自己有治疗方法。
any可以表示差不多每一个、不一定是哪个。
Any book about riding will tell you how to saddle a horse.
任何有关骑术的书都会告诉你怎样装马鞍。
Any dictionary will give you the meaning of these words.
只要是本词典,就会给出这些词的词义。
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