被动语态的形式除了BE+过去分词外,还有其他的形式。
1.主语+get+过去分词在多数情况下不接by+宾语。
All three criminals got shot in the crossfire.
在交火时三名罪犯全部被击中。
Three cops got shot in the crossfire with the criminals.
在与罪犯交火时三名警察被击中。
2.have无被动语态,但可用于主语+have(or get)+宾语+过去分词的结构,表示宾语被...,多用于叫人或雇人作某事,有时表示遭遇不幸的事。
A man has his hair cut every other year.
一个男人每两年理一次头发。
I have my hair cut every other week.
我每两周理一次头发。
表示叫人或雇人作某事。
I had my only property burnt last year.
我唯一的财产于去年被火烧掉了。
表示遭遇不幸的事,宾语的被动行为并非出自主语的本意。
3.带有不定词的被动结构。
Your vice will have to be paid for.
你们的行为是要付出代价的。
Your behavior will have to be paid for.
你的行为是要付出代价的。
4.动词+介系词或动词+副词用于被动结构时,动词之后的介系词或副词不可拆开或丢掉。
This has never been heard of before.
以前从未听说过这种事。
He was brought up by his grandma.
他是由他奶奶带大的。
5.有些联系动词如fell, prove, smell, sound, taste等,主语指事物时,可以主动的形式表达被动的意义。
My coffee smells great.
我的咖啡味道好极了。
6.有些及物动词也可作不及物动词使用如burn, clean, cook, read, saw, sell, wash, write等,和badly, easily, quickly, smoothly, well等副词连用,并且主语是指事物时,可以主动的形式表达被动的意义。
This book sells very well.
这本书很畅销。
This computer brand sells badly.
这种电脑品牌的销路很差。
7.有些不及物动词,如lock, move, open, shut等,与can't, won't连用而主语又是指物时,可以主动的形式表达被动的意义。
The door won't lock.
这门锁不上了。
8.有些可用于主语+动词+主语补语(形容词或过去分词)结构的不及物动词,如blow, wear,可以主动的形式表达被动的意义。
The door blew shut.
门被吹得关上了。
The trousers have worn thin.
裤子已经穿得磨薄了。
9.有些不及物动词的现在进行式,如主语是指事物时,可以主动的形式表达被动的意义。
The cake is baking.
糕点正在烤。
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