中学生英语学习常见错误一览表3

　　中学生英语学习常见错误一览表3

　　 C

　　 call ?

　　 [误] I'll call at Mr Brown.?

　　 [正] I'll call on Mr Brown.?

　　 [误] I'll call on Mr Brown's home.?

　　 [正] I'll call at Mr Brown's home.?

　　 [析] 作拜访讲时,at后面接访问地点,而on后面接访问的人。

　　 ? call on drop in visit ?

　　 call on比较正式的为公务的访问,如:We were called on by the old students. 而drop in则是比较随便的走走,顺便拜访,如:If you're free, drop in. 而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来,如:My school's headmaster will visit America next week.?

　　 can ?

　　 [误] A blind man can not judge colours.?

　　 [正] A blind man cannot judge colours.?

　　 [误] I cann't call for you at ten.?

　　 [正] I can't call for you at ten.?

　　 [析] can的否定形式应为cannot或can't.?

　　 [误] It's only six o'clock. That mustn't be the postman.?

　　 [正] It's only six o'clock. That can't be the postman.?

　　 [析] must用来表示一种肯定的推断,如:She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中则要用can't, 要表示对过去的推测则要用must+have+过去分词的表达法,如:The lights have gone out.A fuse must have blown.而对过去的否定推测则多用?can't?+have+过去分词,如:I don't think he can have heard you. Call again.?

　　 [误] We could not help to laugh at once.?

　　 [正] We could not help laughing at once.?

　　 [正] We could not help but laugh at once.?

　　 [析] couldn't help+动名词表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but与could not but后面要加不带to的不定式,意思都是不得不去做某事.如:You could not (help) but respect him.?

　　 can be able to ?

　　 can与be able to都可以用来表示能力,但can只有现在时与过去时,be able to则可用任何时态,如:He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用be able to,如:He finally was able to jump over 2?10 meters. 或:The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态,而be able to后面不接不定式的被动态。?

　　 can could ?

　　 can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中,只是用could更为礼貌,语气更委婉。如:Could you tell us a story?

　　 care ?

　　 [误] I don't care coffee.?

　　 [正] I don't care for coffee.?

　　 [误] Take care for your steps.?

　　 [正] Take care of your steps.?

　　 [析] care for是对某物感兴趣,而care of是关心,要当心某事,如:She didn't care for him. Take care of what you are doing.?

　　 [误] I don't care where we will go if it doesn't rain.?

　　 [正] I don't care where we go if it doesn't rain.?

　　 [析] 在it doesn't matter, I don't care, I don't mind, 及in case引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。如:I've got a football in case we have time for a game.?

　　 change ?

　　 [误] I want to change my camera with that one.?

　　 [正] I want to change my camera for that one.?

　　 [析] change for为以某物为交换物。而change with则是随而变,如:The wood's colour changed with the season.?

　　 cheap ?

　　 [误] A teacher's salary is generally very cheap.?

　　 [正] A teacher's salary is generally very low.?

　　 [析] 工资的高低要用low,cheap是指价格便宜,如果要讲物美价廉则要用not expensive, 如:This car is not expensive.?

　　 choose ?

　　 [误] We each had to have a choose of A or B.?

　　 [正] We each had to have a choice of A or B.?

　　 [析] choice是名词,而choose是动词。?

　　 class ?

　　 [误] The class is watching TV.?

　　 [正] The class are watching TV.?

　　 [析] class作主语时,如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词,如:The class was more than forty in number. 如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词,如:The class are, in general, very bright.?

　　 clean ?

　　 [误] Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I cleanly forgot.?

　　 [正] Sorry, I didn't bought it here. I clean forgot.?

　　 [析] clean可以作为副词讲,其意为完全,而cleanly则意为正确地、干净利落地,如:The knife doesn't cut cleanly. 而clean作为形容词讲时意为清洁的、干净的,如:Her face is not clean now.?

　　 clever ?

　　 [误] I'm not clever in English.?

　　 [正] I'm not clever at English.?

　　 [析] clever at是固定搭配,表示在某方面有特长。?

　　 close ?

　　 [误] It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.?

　　 [正] It is cold outside. Please keep the door closed.?

　　 [析] 这里的close是动词,意为关闭,而keep后要加形容词,所以要用close的过去分词形式closed作形容词。作形容词用的close意为近的、亲密的。?

　　 [误] Come closely so that I can see you.?

　　 [正] Come close so that I can see you.?

　　 [误] Good teaching and good testing are close related.?

　　 [正] Good teaching and good testing are closely related.?

　　 [析] close,closely同样可以作副词用,但其意义不同,close是靠近、接近之意,而closely则是紧密、严密、密切之意。?

　　 [误] My school was quite close from my home.?

　　 [正] My school was quite close to my home.?

　　 [析] 与接近是close to,例如:?

　　 He was close to fifty.?

　　 There is a bus?stop close to the station.?

　　 close shut turn ?

　　 shut与close是同义词,如close the door或shut the door. 但要讲把某人关在门外时则只能用shut somebody out而不能用close,因shut语气较强,并含有隔离之意。而turn off是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类,有切断之意。?

　　 cloth ?

　　 [误] The children wear very good cloth to go to school.?

　　 [正] The children wear very good clothes to go to school.?

　　 [误] I need a lot of clothing.?

　　 I'm going to make a new cloth. ?

　　 [正] I need a lot of cloth.?

　　 I'm going to make a new dress. ?

　　 [析] cloth是布、布料,没有复数形式。一块布料是a piece of cloth, 而clothes统指衣服,是复数名词,一套衣服要讲a suit of clothes, 如果是一件件衣服应讲shirt, dress, sweater等。而clothing是衣物的总称,是不可数名词。例如:This clothing is needed in warm countries.Her clothes are made of fine cloth.?英语中的dress是指比较正式的服装,如a school dress(校服),a student dress(学生套装),a working dress(工作服)。?

　　 coffee ?

　　 [误] Please give me two waters.?

　　 [正] Please give me two coffees.?

　　 [正] Please give me two cups of water.?

　　 [析] 虽然coffee, water, tea等都是物质名词,但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的却不行,其前要加a cup of或a glass of.?

　　 colour(color) ?

　　 [误] Colours of flowers are red, yellow and white.?

　　 [正] Flowers are red, yellow and white.?

　　 [析] 中文的花的颜色有红色、黄色和白色,若译为英文Colours of flowers are,就显得重复了。?

　　 [误] I like green colour.?

　　 [正] I like green.?

　　 [正] I like colour green.?

　　 [析] colour green中的colour是green的同位语,所以这种说话方式英语是可以接受的。?

　　 come ?

　　 [误] I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.?

　　 [正] I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.?

　　 [析] come across是偶然碰见、遇见,要直接加宾语,如:I've just come across a beautiful poem in this magazine.?

　　 [误] Where do you come from??

　　 I come from the station. ?

　　 [正] Where did you come from??

　　 I came from the station. ?

　　 [正] Where do you come from??

　　 I come from China. ?

　　 [析] Where do you come from?意为你是什么地方的人??而Where did you come from?则是你从何处来? ?

　　 [误] The stars are coming out from the cloud.?

　　 [正] The stars are coming out of the cloud.?

　　 [析] come out of意为从地方出来。?

　　 come in come into enter ?

　　 come in与come into的意义相同,但come into后面要加宾语,而come in后面不用宾语。如I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.?

　　 enter常作为及物动词使用,如:The bus entered the English tunnel.?

　　 congratulate ?

　　 [误] I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.?

　　 [正] I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.?

　　 [析] 动词congratulate somebody on something是向某人祝贺某事。其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数,如:I offered him my congratulations on his success.

　　 又如:Congratulations!?

　　 cook ?

　　 [误] My father is a good cooker.?

　　 [正] My father is a good cook.?

　　 [析] 很多动词加上?er则变为执行该动作的一种人,如work?worker,teach?teacher. 但cook即是动词做饭,同时名词也是厨师。而cooker则是厨具、炊具之意。如:I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高压锅)。?

　　 corner ?

　　 [误] There is a post office in the corner of the street.?

　　 [正] There is a post office at the corner of the street.?

　　 [误] A girl sat at the corner of the room.?

　　 [正] A girl sat in the corner of the room.?

　　 [析] in the corner是在建筑物内部的角上,而at the corner是在外部的角上,如:There is a big tree at the corner of the building.?

　　 cost ?

　　 [误] I cost ten dollars for the book.?

　　 [正] I spent ten dollars on the book.?

　　 [误] I cost two hours to do my homework.?

　　 [正] It took me two hours to do my homework.?

　　 [析] cost, spend. take都可以作花费讲,但用法不同。cost的用法是something+cost+somebody+时间或金钱,如:The book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是somebody+spend+时间+(in)doing something,如:I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或somebody+spend+金钱+on something,如:I spend two dollars on this book. 而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it:It+takes+somebody+时间+to do something, 如:It took me an hour to clean the classroom.?

　　 country ?

　　 [误] You can find cows in a country.?

　　 [正] You can find cows in the country.?

　　 [析] country即可作国家讲,也可作农村讲。当作农村讲时,一定要加定冠词,而且只有单数形式。例如:?

　　 [误] Farmers live in the countries.?

　　 [正] Farmers live in the country.?

　　 [析] 但作为国家讲时则可有单、复数形式,例如:Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外,country一般指的是地理概念上的国家,如:New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族组成的国家,如:The Chinese nation(中华民族)。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围,如:the state farm(国营农场)。?

　　 cross ?

　　 [误] There are traffic lights at the cross.?

　　 [正] There are traffic lights at the crossing.?

　　 [析] cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西,如:Red Cross(红十字会)。?

　　 [误] The little boy is going to across the street.?

　　 [正] The little boy is going to cross the street.?

　　 [析] across是副词或介词,但不能作动词用。?

　　 cross pass ?

　　 cross是指横过某地,如:He crossed the square. 而pass则强调从某物体旁经过,如:I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.?

　　 crowd ?

　　 [误] The room soon was crowded by people.?

　　 [正] The room soon was crowded with people.?

　　 [析] crowded在这句话中应作为形容词,所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构,如:The room was crowded with books.?

　　 cup ?

　　 [误] A silver glass was given to the winner.?

　　 [正] A silver cup was given to the winner.?

　　 [误] My mother was looking for the whisky cup.?

　　 [正] My mother was looking for the whisky glass.?

　　 [析] glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿,而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子,且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子,如我们讲I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不讲I drink a cup of wine at supper.?

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