2010中考英语重点语法词法考点三：代词

一．人称代词：

单数

复数

主格

宾格

主格

宾格

第一人称

I

me

we

us

第二人称

you

you

you

you

第三人称

it/she/he

it/her/him

they

them

1.主格作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语.

Heteaches______(we)Chinese.

2.三种人称代词并列时,顺序为:

单数:二,三,一（You,sheandI）复数:一,二,三(we,youandthey)

注:若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.)

SheandIhavebeentoBeijing.

Whobrokethewindow?IandMike.

注：it还有一些特别的用法。

1）用作形式主语,常用于Its+adj+todosth句型中.

2)用在句型:Itseemsthat中.

3)用在句型:Itsonesturntodosth中.

4)用在句型:Itstimetodosth/forsth中.

5)用在句型:Its+adj+that从句中.

6)用作形式宾语,用来代替动词不定式.make/think/feel/find+it+adj(名词)+todosth.

二.物主代词.

第一人称

第二人称

第三人称

单数

复数

单数

复数

单数

复数

形容词性

my

our

your

your

its/his/her

their

名词性

mine

ours

yours

yours

its/his/hers

theirs

形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。

名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。

Our classroom is as big as ______(they) .

This is a friend of ______(my).

注: 1)名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.

（名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词）

2)形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.

My own house = a house of my own

三.反身代词：

单数

复数

第一人称

myself

ourselves

第二人称

yourself

yourselves

第三人称

himself/herself/itself

themselves

记忆小窍门:

反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加self.其余都要物主加self,复数ves来把f替.

反身代词的常用搭配:

enjoy oneself hurt oneself teach oneself = learnby oneslf all by oneself

help oneself to look after oneself leave sb by oneself lose oneself in

say to oneself for oneself dress oneself improve oneself see oneself in the mirror

四.指示代词

1.近指: this these 远指: that those

2.用法:

1)that those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复. That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词.

The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai .

The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop.

A.this B.that C.one D.those

2)this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.

He had a bad cold ,that is why he didnt come .

3)在电话用语中,this 代替自己,而that 代替对方.

This is Tom speaking . Who is that ?

五.不定代词的区别.

1.one与it 的区别

One 代替同类事物中的一种. 而it代替上文中出现的某事物.

This book is a good one . May I borrow it ?

2.some与any 的区别

一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定,疑问句,条件句中.但在表建议的疑问句中,仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 开头或what about /how about . 的句中。

May I have some water ?

He asked me for some paper , but I didnt have any .

3.many与much的区别

Many+可数名词的复数 Much+不可数名词 都相当于 a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词

注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .

4.a few /few /a little /little 的区别

表否定(几乎没有)

表肯定(有一点/几个)

修饰可数名词

few

afew

修饰不可数名词

little

alittle

The story is easy to read . there are _____ new words in it .

Hurry up ! There is _____ time left .

5.each / every 的区别

each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个.而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.

There are trees and frowers on _____ side of the street .

______ student has read a story .

注:each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数.而every 不能与of 连用.只能放在名词前作定语.

Each of us _______(study )hard .

6.no one 与none 的区别

no one 表示没有人, 不能与of 连用. 而none of +复数名词/ 代词，作主语时，谓语常用单数。.

The boys were all tired , but _____ of them stopped to have a rest .

7.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别

都

都不

任何一个

两者之间

both

neither

either

三者或三者以上

all

none

any

There are many trees on ____ side of the river . A. both B.any C.either D.all

注: 1). both 的否定词是neither , all的否定词是none.

2).both of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数.

neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.

Neither of the answers ______(be) right .

Both of my parents _______(be) workers.

3).词组

A) both and 连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数. 同义词组:not only but also 反义词组: neither nor

Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= ____ you _____ she like watching TV .= You like watching TV , _____ _____ she .

B) either or 或者或者 , neithernor 既不也不 连接两个主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则.

Neither you nor he ______ (be ) right .

One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park.

C) either 也可用于否定句中的 也

D) neither 也可表示 也不 句型: neither sb 某人也不怎么样.

If you dont go there , _____ _____ I . (我也不去)

4) how many /how much 的回答:用none回答.

Who 的回答:用no one 回答.

What 的回答:用nothing 回答.

How many students are there in the classroom ? __________.

Who can answer the question ? _______.

A. None B.No one C.Nothing

8.other /the other /others /the others 的区别

(空)后面没有名词

(空)后面有名词

有数量限制(特指)

theothers

theother

没有数量限制(泛指)

others

other

注: 1) one the other 表示两者之间的一个另一个

2) some others 表示一些 一些

3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数.

但 another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词 表示 另外几个

Would you like ______ apple ?

I have two brothers , one is a teacher , _________ is a worker .

Some are cleaning the classroom , ______ are sweeping the window .

There are 20 teachers in our school . Eight of them are men teachers ,and _____ are women teachers 9.

everyone

每个，人人，大家

不与of连用

everyone

每个人、物

可与of连用

Every one of us has seen the film .

Everyone should do their best .

10.复合不定代词.

some

any

no

every

thing

something

anything

nothing

everything

one

someone

anyone

noone

everyone

body

somebody

anybody

nobody

everybody

注: 1.复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.

2.形容词修饰不定代词时, 形容词放在不定代词之后.

3.动词不定式修饰不定代词时, 动词不定式放在不定代词之后.

4.复合不定代词用于反义疑问句中,

1)指人的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用he 或they .

2)指物的不定代词, 其反义疑问句中的主语用 it .

5.any ,anything ,anyone, anyboby 也可用于肯定句中,表示 任何/任何物/任何人

Everything ______(begin ) to grow in spring , _______ _______ ?

Is there ___________(一些有趣的事)in todays newpaper ?

I want something ________ (eat ).