2010中考英语重点语法词法考点十一：非谓语动词

2010中考英语重点语法词法考点十一：非谓语动词

一、动词不定式

1.动词不定式作宾语。

1)在动词want ,hope,would like,decide,wish,

choose,try ,need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。

I hope ______(hear)from you soon .

2)think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth

He found it difficult _______(get) to sleep.

3).stop to do sth / stop doing sth

stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。

After working for a long time , He has to stop _______(have ) a rest .

He was very tired , so he had to stop ______(work).

2.动词不定式作宾语补。

1).带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth

Please ask him _________(come) quickly.

2).省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth

注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to .

He made the baby _______(stop) crying .

The baby was made ______ _____ crying.

3.动词不定式作主语

1).动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

2).常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。

To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n =

It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth

To get an injection is a little painful .

_____ a little painful ____ ____ an injection

4.动词不定式作定语

动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后

名词或代词+to do(介词)

注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。

I want a pen to write ______.

I want a piece of paper to write ______.

5.动词不定式与疑问词连用

疑问词+ to do sth

注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为疑问词+to do sth.

Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital ?

Can you tell me _____ ____ ____ the hospital.

6.动词不定式可作状语

1).动词不定式可作目的状语

在come / go / leave 后面接动词不定式作目的状语。

He came here ______(get)his book.

2).动词不定式可作原因状语

表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语

He was glad _______(see) his wife.

3).动词不定式可作结果状语

在tooto , not enough to 句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。

He was too tired _______(walk) on .

7.动词不定式作表语

be + to do sth

注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。

Her wish is _______(become) a doctor .

_____ _____ is her wish .

8.动词不定式的否定形式

在动词不定式的前面加not .

He told me _______(not stay) here .

9.动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。

1).动词不定式符号的省略情况

若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉to .但两者有对比关系时，to都不能省略。

Edisons mother taught him to write and read .

I havent decided to go home or to go to the cinema.

2)省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。

Will you take a walk with me ? Im glad to .

Would you like to join my birthday party ?

I would love to .

二、动名词

1.动名词相当于一个名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Reading in bed ______(be) bad for your eyes.

2.有些动词或动词短语后面，只能接动名词作宾语。

三、现在分词

1.现在分词常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作宾补。

I saw the boy____(play)in the street just now .

2.现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。

A sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping .

Did you know the man talking to Mr Li?=

Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li?

3.现在分词表伴随情况

He came into the classroom ,carrying a book.

四、过去分词

1.作宾补

have /get +sth +done 表示请别人干某事

I had my TV repaired last night .

2.作定语

单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。

Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?

Have you ever read any books _____ _____ written by Luxun?

3.作表语 过去分词作表语已经形容词化

My cup is broken .