形容词、副词命题趋势
形容词是用来修饰名词的词表示名词的属性,副词和形容词一样,在句中起修饰作用,所不同的是:形容词主要修饰名词;而副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子等。对形容词、副词的考查是高考一项重要考查内容,考查的方向主要体现在以下几个方面:
1. 形容词的用法;
2. 副词的用法;
3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法;
4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。
考点诠释
一、考查形容词的作用与位置
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。常放在被修饰的名词前作定语,放在系动词后作表语,或放在宾语之后作宾语补足语。
1.多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序
考例--Yeah, too _______work makes me tired. [太原市]
A. little B. many C. much
[答案]C。[解析]本题重在考查几个形容词的用法。little有小的或几乎没有等意思。many与much都有多的意思,但many修饰可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词。空格后的名词work是不可数名词,故应选C。
2.形容词用作定语,修饰不定代词时,通常后置。
The idea of sunshine sport makes it possible for kids to choose and do about sport as long as one hour every day. [哈尔滨市]
A. pleasant something B. anything pleasant C. nothing pleasant
[答案]B。[解析]考查形容词和不定代词的位置关系。从句子意思可知应填anything pleasant表任何高兴的事。A结构不对,C表否定。
3.表语形容词(well,unwell,ill,faint, afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake等)作定语,需要后置;有些表示身体健康状况的形容词,如well,faint,m只作表语;sick既可作表语又可作定语。
考例Carl felt _______because he won the first prize in the school singing competition. [安徽省]
A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried
[答案]B 。[解析]考查形容词词义。根据句意获奖是值得高兴、自豪的事情,应选proud。
I feel ________to have a friend like him. He always helps me out when I am in trouble. [太原市]
A. luckily B. happy C. sorry
[答案]B。[解析]本题重在考查系动词的用法。系动词feel觉得其后可接形容词作表语,A项为副词,故排除;B、C虽然都是形容词,但意义相反,根据后句推断选B。
Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest____ writers.He is still__________.[镇江]
A.1iving;alive B.1iving;1iving C.alive;living D.alive;alive
答案:A解析:alive作表语或后置定语,指有生命的,活的,还出着气的;living指健在的,现行的,现代的,可作表语,也可作定语。句意为金庸是最伟大的健在的老作家之一,他仍然活着,故选A。
4.用作补足语。
考例Li Leis words made her_________..[济南]
A.happily B.angrily C.crying D.angry
答案:D解析:本题考查make后跟形容词作宾语补足语的用法。选项中只有angry为形容词,故选D。
5.形容词之间词义的区别
考例Nothing in the world is ________if you put your heart into it. [昆明]
A. impossible B. important C. interesting D. necessary
[答案]A。[解析]考查几个重要的形容词的含义。这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句,后句给出的条件是如果你把你的整个心思放进去,那么可以很容易判断在世界上没有什么是不可能的,其余三项重要的、有趣的、必须的都与句子意思不符。
---Would you like to go and see a film?
--Sure; the TV programmes are too____________.[南京]
A. surprising B. interesting C. exciting D. boring
[答案]D。[解析]考查形容词。根据语境应选boring意为枯燥的。
-Why are you so____?
-Because our ping-pong player Wang Liqin has won the world championship.[福州]
A.excited B.exciting C.bored D.boring
答案:A解析:由题意我们的乒乓球运动员王励勤获胜,故选A或B。exciting令人兴奋的,往往修饰物/事;excited指人兴奋,故选A。
二、考查副词的作用与位置
1.副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、副词或句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。
The suitcase(手提箱)was __heavy for me to carry,so I pulled it up the stairs and into my flat.[沈阳]
A. quite B so C very D.too
[答案]D。[解析]考查 tooto句型。tooto太而不能,这个手提箱太重了,提不动,所以 。
We all love Miss Yang.She always makes her history class very_________.[ 重庆]
A.interest B.interests C.interesting D.interested
答案:C解析:very是副词,后要跟形容词,该形容词修饰事物history class,故用interesting;如果修饰人用interested。故选C。
2.enough作副词修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。
考例-What do you think of the lecture(演讲)of Li Yangs Crazy English?
-I think its____,but someone thinks its much too________.[安徽芜湖]
A.wonderful enough;bored B.enough wonderful;boring
C.wonderful enough;boring D.enough wonderful;bored
C解析:enough修饰形容词时要后置,故排除B、D,而形容物时要用一ing形式的形容词,形容人时用一ed形式的形容词,故选C。
3. 副词之间的词义区别
考例Its too late to go out now and______, its starting to rain.[杭州]
A. though B. besides C. however D. instead
解析:答案为B。题干前半句说现在时间太晚了不能出去了,后面有说天开始下雨了,这两者是什么关系呢?不能出去的原因有两个,时间太晚不出去不方便,天在下雨就更不好出去了,因此两者应该是并列或递进关系。选项B的besides意为此外,而且,符合题意故为正确选项。
三、对形容词和副词的比较等级的考查
1.原级的用法。
表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用as+原级形容词/副词+as的结构;表示双方不相等时,用not so(as)+原级形容词/副词+as的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as的结构。
考例John is much shorter than his sister,but he jumps ___________she does.[连云港]
A.as good as B as best as C.as high as D.as higher as
[答案]C。[解析]用as...as作比较时,应使用形容词或副词的原级,据此可将B与D项排除。good是形容词,不能用作状语修饰谓语动词,所以C项正确。
Dont just believe the advertisement.That kind of camera is ______it says. [ 湖北]
A.as good as B.not as good as C.as well as D.not as well as
答案:B解析:上句为不要仅仅相信广告,下句应为这种相机没有它说的好。不如用not as+ adj./adv. + as,句中有is,故用形容词。故选B。
2.比较级的用法。
⑴.表示一方超过另一方时,用比较级+than的结构表示。
考例--Which coat is ____on me,the blue one or the black one?
一The blue one.[北京市]
A good B better C.best D.the best
[答案]B。[解析] 考查比较级,根据句意:哪个大衣我穿着更好看,是蓝色的,还是黑色的?两者比较用比较级,故选B。
--I think Shanghai food is ____Sichuan food.
--I dont agree.I like Sichuan food better.[沈阳市]
A. better than B so good as C more than D as well as
[答案]A 。[解析]is是系动词,后面不能用as well as(因为well作adv:),所以排除D。not soas表不及,用在否定句中故也被排除。more than不合句意,所以选A。
一What does your cousin look like now?
--0h, he is much ____than before.[福州市]
A. strong B stronger C strongest D.too strong
[答案]B。[解析]本题考查形容词的比较级。than是比较级的标志,它表示两者作比较,应使用形容词strong的比较级stronger,故选B项。
Lets go by plane, Its __________than by train. [吉林省]
A. faster B. fastest C. slower D. slowest
[答案]A 。[解析]由关键词than可知用比较级,所以排除了B、D。再由常识:飞机的速度快于火车,故选A。
⑵.表示一方不及另一方时,用less+原级+than的结构表示。
考例The doctor told Mary to eat _______ vegetables and __________meat because she was getting fatter and fatter. [广东省]
A. much; little B. more; less C. many; few D. more; fewer
[答案]B。[解析] 考查few与little的区别。本题由句意入手,医生叫玛丽多吃蔬菜,少吃肉,因为她正变得越来越胖。由后边的原因状语从句来看主句中也应为比较级,排除A、C选项,vegetable为可数名词,用many的比较级more修饰,meat为不可数名词,用little的比较级less修饰,故本题选B。
[威海]
一Hi,Tom.Is your brother as active as you?
一No,hes a quiet boy.He is____________.
A.less outgoing than me B.not so calm as I
C.more active than I D.as outgoing as I
31.答案:A解析:根据前句他是一个安静的男孩,也就是不如我活泼,故只有A符合句意。
3.一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时,可在比较级前加程度副词even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等来修饰。
【考例】--You speak English much ________than before.
--Thank you. [陕西省]
A. well B. better C. best D. good
[答案]B。[解析] 句中有表示比较的连词than,所以所填部分必定是比较级,而选项中只有better是比较级。
--Mr Smith, would you please speak a little more _________?
--Sorry! I thought you could follow me. [安徽省]
A. quietly B. quickly C. slowly D. politely
[答案]C。[解析]此题考查比较级。由答语可知对方要求说得稍慢一些,而slowly的比较级是more slowly,其他几项不符合要求。
4.用more and more 的结构,表示越越
考例The number of giant pandas is getting ______ because their living areas are becoming farmlands. (年江苏盐城)
A. less and less B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller D. fewer and fewer
解析答案为C。句意为大熊猫的数量越来越少因为他们的生存空间正逐渐变成农场。本题中四个选项都是比较级+ and + 比较级的结构,表示越来越。主语为number,只能和large或small搭配。而结合句意可判断答案为C。
5. 用the+比较级+句子其它成分,the+比较级+句子其它成分表示越越
考例一Hi, Andrew.How can you improve your English so much?
--Oh,nothing difficult.The __you work at it,the __progress you will make.[黄冈市]
A. harder;more B more hardly;more C.hardier;greater D.harder;great
[答案]A。[解析] 考查比较级的用法。the+比较级,the+比较级表示越越,如:the more,the better越多越好。
--As middle school students, we should study hard for the future.- ww.zk53u.ecom
--I think so. _________we study now, _________future well have. [哈尔滨市]
A. The hard; the good B. The harder; the better C. The hardest; the best
[答案]B。[解析] 根据题意可知要选比较级,the+比较级,the+比较级;表示越,越。依据句意:现在学习越努力,将来会越好。
四、最高级的用法。
1.三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,形容词最高级用the+最高级结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。
--Who is ____running star in your college?
--I think Philip is.[长春]
A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous D.1ess famous
答案:C解析:由in your college在你们大学里限定范围,使用最高级,故选C。
Of all the sports shoes , John bought _________ pair. Then he had some money for socks. [成都市]
A. a cheaper B. the most wonderful C. the least expensive
[答案]C。[解析] 考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知,one of+(最高级)+名词复数,故排除A,再看句意,因此他留下一些钱买袜子故选C。
--What do you like____,tea,coffee or milk?
--Tea, of course. [浙江]
A.better B.good C.well D.best
答案:D解析:本题考查副词最高级的用法。从三者中选择一者,构成了最高级的用法,故选D。
2.形容词最高级可被序数词以及much.By far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really。nothing like等词语所修饰。
考例
3.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。
考例-Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
一Yes.Ive never been to ____one before.[苏州]
A.a more exciting B.the most excited C.a more excited D.the most exciting
答案:A解析:由句意我以前从未参加过比这个更令人兴奋的晚会可知,此处要用比较级,故排除B、D两项。修饰物时要用一ing形式的形容词,故选A。
4.形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。
Welcome to our hotel.Its ____in the city.[北京]
A.good B.better C.best D.the best
答案:D解析:由in the city这一范围确定要用最高级,且最高级前要使用冠词the,故选D。
English is one of ____important subjects in our school.[ 济南]
A.most B.the most C.more D.much more
答案:B解析:本题考查形容词最高级的用法,根据范围in our school可判断用最高级,故选B。
--I am getting ___each month. I cant put on my jeans.
--Im afraid you have to take exercise every day. [河南省]
A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest
Amy makes fewer mistakes than Frank. She does her homework_________.[南京市]
A. more carefully B. more carelessly C. more careful D. more careless
[答案]A。 [解析]考查副词的比较级。修饰动词应用副词,且此题为比较级,故选A。
六、考查形容词、副词词义或用法上的区别
考例Susan enjoys a cup of tea at times,but ____she drinks coffee.[扬州市]
A. mostly B almost C.nearly D.most
[答案]A。[解析]本题应从句意上破解,大多数时候她喜欢喝咖啡,四个选项中, mostly可用作副词修饰谓语动词,符合句意。
Zhou Feng has 1earned English for many years,but he can _____understand the English speakers.[07江西省]
A. hardly B certainly C.always D.almost
[答案]A。[解析]考查副词词义的区别。 抓住连词but是破解题目的关键所在,它在句中表转折,意为但是。 学了多年英语,理应能听懂英语,但他却不能,所以应选表示否定含义的副词hard1y。
Remember to e-mail me.All of us hope to hear from you________.[天津市]
A quickly B soon C.fast D.quick
[答案]B。[解析] 此处应是副词作状语,所以D项排除。quickly常指动作敏捷,soon意为很快;不久;fast常指速度快。由句意可知B项正确。
Unluckily,Mr. Brown drove so ____that his car crashed into a tree yesterday evening.[ 连云港]
A.careless B.careful C.carefully D.carelessly
答案:D解析:本题考查形容词与副词的用法,副词修饰动词。由题意太粗心撞到了树上,故选carelessly。
[沈阳]
Alice ____eats meat so that she can keep herself from getting too fat.
A.rarely B.always C.nearly D.carefully
答案:A解析:rarely意为很少;always意为总是;near1y意为几乎;carefully意为细心地。
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