1. at
[误]It will really do you no harm quite.
[正]It will really do you no harm at all.
[析]at all和quite的汉语意思均为全然、确定的,但at all适用于否定句,例如:--- Im sorry. Im late.--- No trouble at all. 又如:I dont think it is right at all. 而quite则适用于肯定句,例如:He is quite a good teacher.
[误]The children play football for lunch.
[正]The children play football at lunch.
[析]英语中的at lunch为在吃午饭时。这种惯用法还有at work(在工作),at table(在吃饭),at desk(在学习)。而for lunch则是为午饭而准备的食物,又如:We had some milk for breakfast.
[误]There is a post office in the corner of the street.
[正]There is a post office at the corner of the street.
[析]at the corner是指墙外面的角,而in the corner是指建筑物内部的角落。例如:There is a computer in the corner of the room. There is a street lamp at the corner of the street.
at, in, on
在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用at,如:He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、下午时要用in,如:I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是:in the morning和in the afternoon这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词,其介词要换为on,如:on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如:See you on Monday morning. 如讲到具体的某一天,要用on, 如:on Sunday, 如:I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在谈到周、月、季、年时要用in,如:All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时都用at, 如:Where are you going at Easter.
2. back
[误]Im sorry. I have to back home.
[正]Im sorry. I have to go back home.
[正]Im sorry. I have to go home.
[析]back用作回到(某处)之意,不是动词。
3. be
[误]Where do you from?
[正]Where are you from?
[析]你从何处来应为Where are you from?或Where do you come from? 但要注意这两句话均是问对方从哪个国家来的。要是口语中问你是从什么地方来?应讲Where did you come from? 回答用I came from the library.
4. beat
[误]We have won your class.
[正]We have beaten your class.
[正]We have won the game.
[析]win是胜过之意,它是及物动词,但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称,如:Which team won the football match? 而beat指打败对手、敌人如:My brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是,beat的过去式与原形相同,而过去分词为beaten)。
[误]The ball beat me badly.
[正]The ball hit me badly.
[误]He used to hit the little boy black and blue.
[正]He used to beat the little boy black and blue.
[析]beat指打击多次,而hit则为击中对方的一次性打击。
5. beautiful
[误]He is a beautiful boy.
[正]He is a handsome boy.
[析]我们可以讲She is a beautiful girl. This is a beautiful park. 但要讲男人的英俊时要用handsome.
6. because
[误]The reason why I was late is because I was ill.
[正]The reason why I was late is that I was ill.
[误]Because it was Sunday, so the park was crowded.
[正]Because it was Sunday the park was crowded.
[析]这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同,中文常讲我来晚了的原因是因为我病了,而英文中的第二个因为要用that代替。又因中文常讲因为所以,而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了,同样用了所以也就不要再用因为一词。例如:Because we study hard, we passed the exam easily. 或者:We study hard so we passed the exam easily.
because, because of
because后要接从句,例如:We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. 而because of后要接名词作介词宾语,如:He is not at school because of the illness.
7. before
[误]We have two hours to kill before we will go home.
[正]We have two hours to kill before we go home.
[析]kill time意为消磨时光。
英语状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如:If it rains we will not go to the park.
[误]I did this work two days before.
[正]I did this work two days ago.
[析]用ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时,而before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时,如:I has done this work a few days before.
before, long, long before
before long是不久之意,例如:I shall go to America before long. 而long before则是很久很久之意,如:We knew this teacher long before we saw him. (我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他了。)
8. begin
[误]The meeting will begin from Monday.
[正]The meeting will begin on Monday.
[误]The film has begun for ten minutes.
[正]The film has been on for ten minutes.
[析]begin是瞬间动词,所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语,如:The film has begun. 这句话是对的,即电影已经开始。但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用has been on即上演了10分钟。
begin, start
begin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以,且意思并无区别,但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多,如:How old were you when you first started learning English?但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式,如:I was beginning to get hungry. 但如果句子的主语是物而不是人,则多用不定式,如:The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 当动词是表达某种心理状态时,要用不定式,如:The student began to understand his mistakes.
[误]They study hard in the class from the beginning to the end.
[正]They study hard in the class from beginning to end.
[析]from beginning to end是习惯用法,即自始至终,不要加冠词,但如单独使用则要加冠词,例如:At the beginning, the teacher gave us an exam.
9. behind
[误]He missed the class because he was behind the time.
[正]He missed the class because he was behind time.
[析]behind time一短语意为晚了,而behind the times意为落后于时代。behind是介词同时又是副词,如Come out from behind the door(介词). Hes a long way behind(副词). He fell behind with his classmates(副词).
10. below
[误]Whats that below the chair.
[正]Whats that under the chair.
[析]under意为正下方,而below意为比低,或指在下游。如:There is a fall below the river. (河的下游有一个瀑布。)其反义词为over,如:There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在下面的例子一表达语中则要用the example below, 而不要用under.
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